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NAME

fstab - static information about the filesystems

The file fstab contains descriptive information about the filesystems the system can mount. fstab is only read by programs, and not written; it is the duty of the system administrator to properly create and maintain this file. The order of records in fstab is important because fsck(8), mount(8), and umount(8) sequentially iterate through fstab doing their thing.

The file is not read by mount(8) only but often is used by many other tools and daemons, and proper functionality may require additional steps. For example, on systemd-based systems, it’s recommended to use systemctl daemon-reload after fstab modification.

Each filesystem is described on a separate line. Fields on each line are separated by tabs or spaces. Lines starting with '#' are comments. Blank lines are ignored.

The following is a typical example of an fstab entry:

LABEL=t-home2 /home ext4 defaults,auto_da_alloc 0 2

The first field (fs_spec).
This field describes the block special device, remote filesystem or filesystem image for loop device to be mounted or swap file or swap device to be enabled.

For ordinary mounts, it will hold (a link to) a block special device node (as created by mknod(2)) for the device to be mounted, like /dev/cdrom or /dev/sdb7. For NFS mounts, this field is <host>:<dir>, e.g., knuth.aeb.nl:/. For filesystems with no storage, any string can be used, and will show up in df(1) output, for example. Typical usage is proc for procfs; mem, none, or tmpfs for tmpfs. Other special filesystems, like udev and sysfs, are typically not listed in fstab.

LABEL=<label> or UUID=<uuid> may be given instead of a device name. This is the recommended method, as device names are often a coincidence of hardware detection order, and can change when other disks are added or removed. For example, 'LABEL=Boot' or 'UUID=3e6be9de-8139-11d1-9106-a43f08d823a6'. (Use a filesystem-specific tool like e2label(8), xfs_admin(8), or fatlabel(8) to set LABELs on filesystems).

It’s also possible to use PARTUUID= and PARTLABEL=. These partitions identifiers are supported for example for GUID Partition Table (GPT).

See mount(8), blkid(8) or lsblk(8) for more details about device identifiers.

Note that mount(8) uses UUIDs as strings. The string representation of the UUID should be based on lower case characters. But when specifying the volume ID of FAT or NTFS file systems upper case characters are used (e.g UUID="A40D-85E7" or UUID="61DB7756DB7779B3").

The second field (fs_file).
This field describes the mount point (target) for the filesystem. For swap area, this field should be specified as ’none'. If the name of the mount point contains spaces or tabs these can be escaped as ’\040' and '\011' respectively.

The third field (fs_vfstype).
This field describes the type of the filesystem. Linux supports many filesystem types: ext4, xfs, btrfs, f2fs, vfat, ntfs, hfsplus, tmpfs, sysfs, proc, iso9660, udf, squashfs, nfs, cifs, and many more. For more details, see mount(8).

An entry swap denotes a file or partition to be used for swapping, cf. swapon(8). An entry none is useful for bind or move mounts.

More than one type may be specified in a comma-separated list.

mount(8) and umount(8) support filesystem subtypes. The subtype is defined by '.subtype' suffix. For example 'fuse.sshfs'. It’s recommended to use subtype notation rather than add any prefix to the first fstab field (for example 'sshfs#example.com' is deprecated).

The fourth field (fs_mntops).
This field describes the mount options associated with the filesystem.

It is formatted as a comma-separated list of options and is optional for mount(8) or swapon(8). The usual convention is to use at least "defaults" keyword there.

It usually contains the type of mount (ro or rw, the default is rw), plus any additional options appropriate to the filesystem type (including performance-tuning options). For details, see mount(8) or swapon(8).

Basic filesystem-independent options are:

defaults

use default options. The default depends on the kernel and the filesystem. mount(8) does not have any hardcoded set of default options. The kernel default is usually rw, suid, dev, exec, auto, nouser, and async.

noauto

do not mount when mount -a is given (e.g., at boot time)

user

allow a user to mount

owner

allow device owner to mount

comment

or x-<name> for use by fstab-maintaining programs

nofail

do not report errors for this device if it does not exist.

The fifth field (fs_freq).
This field is used by dump(8) to determine which filesystems need to be dumped. Defaults to zero (don’t dump) if not present.

The sixth field (fs_passno).
This field is used by fsck(8) to determine the order in which filesystem checks are done at boot time. The root filesystem should be specified with a fs_passno of 1. Other filesystems should have a fs_passno of 2. Filesystems within a drive will be checked sequentially, but filesystems on different drives will be checked at the same time to utilize parallelism available in the hardware. Defaults to zero (don’t check the filesystem) if not present.

FILES

/etc/fstab, <fstab.h>

NOTES

The proper way to read records from fstab is to use the routines getmntent(3) or libmount.

The keyword ignore as a filesystem type (3rd field) is no longer supported by the pure libmount based mount utility (since util-linux v2.22).

This document describes handling of fstab by util-linux and libmount. For systemd, read systemd documentation. There are slight differences.

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