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LPD.CONF, SYSTEM AND USER PRINTCAP FILES

CAPABILITIES

ENTRIES BY ALPHABETICAL ORDER

ENTRIES BY FUNCTION

FILTERS

SPOOL QUEUES

LOCAL PRINTERS

STTY OPTIONS

INITIALIZATION

ALL PRINTERS

ACCOUNTING

BOUNCE QUEUES AND PRINT FORMATS

KERBEROS, AND OTHER AUTHENTICATION METHODS

FILES

NAME

SYNOPSIS

DESCRIPTION

The format of the LPRng printcap database was based on the termcap(5) data base file format. Entries in the printcap Each entry in the data base is used to define various options and values to control the printing and spooling of print jobs.

Default configuration values are read from the LPRng configuration file /etc/lprng/lpd.conf, consult the lpd.conf(5) man page for details about them. The system printcap file /etc/printcap contains information common to all users and the LPRng printing system. Finally, the user printcap files is in ${HOME}/.printcap and contain user configurable information for printer information. The values in the user printcap file override values in the printcap file which override the default values in the /etc/lprng/lpd.conf file.

The user printcap file is used by client programs such as lpr , lprm , lpq , and lpq to allow the user to define either a special set of printers, provide additional configuration information, or to modify default settings in the /etc/printcap, or /etc/lprng/lpd.conf file.

The printcap database files format is based on the termcap (5) database format, modified as follows. Leading whitespace on each line is discarded, and blank lines or lines which then start with a comment character (#) are discarded. A line which does not start with a colon (:) or bar (|) starts a printer entry definition. Lines ending with a backslash (\) are assumed to continue to the next line; this is for compatibility with other historical printcap file formats. Trailing blanks and tabs (whitespace) for an option value are deleted unless the last one is escaped with a backslash (’’\’’). If a colon character value is required then the \: escape sequence can be used, e.g.: dest=ftp\://address/file.

A printer definition starts with a primary printer name, followed by zero or more alternative printer names, followed by a set of keyword entries and values. For example:

#comment
# primary printer name
lp
#alternate names
|lp2|lp3
|Example of a printer
:sd=/usr/spool/LPD/lp
:rw:lp=/dev/lp:mx#100
include /etc/printcap/mainprintcap

The special printcap definition include will read the named file, which must have an absolute pathname, as the next set of printcap entries.

Keywords can be 1 to an indefinite number of characters long, and are case sensitive. Values for keywords can be strings (:st=string:), signed integer values using the C language notation, (:nu#12:max#-2:mask#0x1EF:), or flags (:flag: to set to 1, :flag@: to clear to 0). Integer values must be representable as 32 bit 2’s complement numbers; care should be taken with extremely large numbers.

If the primary name of a printcap entry starts with a punctuation character, then the entry may be referenced using the tc capability, but is ignored otherwise. This allows common printcap information to be placed in a single entry.

The special printcap entry oh (i.e. - only this host) may be used to select a printcap entry for use by one or more hosts. The oh entry can be a list of one or more host names or glob type of patterns. These patterns are first applied to the host’s fully qualified domain name, and then used to to a lookup of an IP address. If either the glob match or the host has a matching IP address then the printcap entry is selected for use. In addition, the server flag indicates that only the LPD server is to use this printcap entry. This allows client and server printcap information be to be segregated in a simple manner.

The following is a list of the keywords currently used by the LPRng software. Many of these keywords are used only by the LPD server, others are used by the client programs LPR, LPC, LPRM, PAC, as well as the server. In the Use column in the table below, an A stands for all programs, D stands for lpd, and R stands for the client programs such as LPR.

Some of these entries can only appear or have an effect if they are in the lpd.conf initialization file. See lpd.conf(5) for further details.

FL	Use	Type
		Default	Description
Xf	D	str
		NULL	output filter for format X (used by lpd).

			’filter’ sets default filter
ab	D	bool
		false	always print banner, ignore lpr -h option
achk		D
		bool false

			If TRUE LPD and the :as specifies a remote host or

			filter or the :af specifies a remote host or filter

			then after writing the accounting information to the

			destination a reply will be read. The value of the

			reply determines how the job is to be handled.
ae	D	str
			accounting format for end of job or a program to run

			to record accounting information (see also af, la, ar

			and Accounting).
af	D	str
		NULL

			accounting file, filter, or remote accounting server

			(see also la, ar, as, ae, achk). If format is \|/path then

			the program will be started and accounting information

			will be written to the program STDIN. If the format

			host%port, a tcp/ip connection will be made to port

			on host and the accounting information written to the

			remote host. In both of these cases the write operation

			must succeed or an error will result. If the format

			is neither of these cases then the value will be treated

			as a file and accounting information appended to the file

			if it exists. The accounting file will not be created,

			it must exist for LPD to append data to it.

			The :as and :ae fields have the accounting information.
ah	D	bool
		false	auto-hold - job held until explicitly released
all	A	str
		NULL	a list of all printers; (see ALL PRINTERS)
allow_duplicate_flags			A	bool		false

			allow duplicate command line flags; last overwrites earlier
allow_getenv		A	bool		(compile time)

			allows LPRng software to use the LPD_CONF environment variable

			to specify the location of a configuration file. This is

			for testing only.
allow_user_logging			A	bool		false

			if mail is requested using lpr -mhost%port,prot operations,

			and the allow_user_logging flag is true, then job logging

			information will be sent to host%port,prot.

allow_user_setting A str NULL


			allow these users to impersonate other users with the

			lpr -U user@host, lpc -U user@host, etc., options
append_z		A	str

			append these options to the -Z options for the job
ar	D	bool
		true	write remote transfer accounting (if af, and as/ae set)
architecture		A	str	(compile time)

			architecture the software was compiled for. (Obsolete.)
as	D	str
			accounting format for start of job or a program to run

			to record accounting information (see also af, la, ar

			and Accounting).
auth		R
		str	NULL

			client to server authentication type
be	D	str
			banner printing program for end (overrides bp, hl)
bk	R	bool
		false	Berkeley-compatible: be strictly RFC-compliant

			or more exactly, BSD LPR compatible when sending jobs.
bk_filter_options			D	str	(see source code)

			when bk flag set, options for non OF print filters
bk_of_filter_options			D	str	(see source code)

			when bk flag set, options for OF print filters
bkf	R	bool
		false

			use bk_filter_options and bk_of_filter_options when

			invoking print filter.
bl	D	str
			banner line - sent to banner printer program

			default: $-’C:$-’n Job: $-’J Date: $-’t

			expands to: Class:User Job: job Date: date

			This is to force compatibility with vintage print filters

			that require a non-standard banner string. Usually used with

			:sb: option.
bp	D	str
			banner printing program (see hl)

			(default: configuration variable default_banner_printer)
bq_format		D	str	l	format of output from bounce queue filters
br	D	num
		none	if lp is a tty, set the baud rate (see ty)
break_classname_priority_link					A	flag		false

			Do not set priority to first letter of class name
bs	D	str
			banner printing program for start (overrides bp, hl)
cf	D	str
		NULL	cifplot data filter
check_for_nonprintable			R	bool		false

			lpr checks f and p formats for printable files
check_for_protocol_violations					R	bool false

			check for RFC1179 protocol violations
chooser		D
		str	load balance queue destination chooser program
chooser_interval			D	num	10

			load balance queue does checks for a

			destination queue available at this interval
chooser_routine			D	bool		false

			use the user provided chooser routine for this queue
class_in_status			A	bool		true

			show class name in lpq status rather than priority
cm	A	str
		NULL	comment identifying printer (LPQ)
config_file		A	str	/etc/lprng/lpd.conf

			location of LPRng configuration information. Compile

			time option only - see allow_getenv.
connect_grace			A	num	0

			time between jobs to allow printer recovery
connect_interval			A	num	10

			time between open or connection attempts
connect_timeout			A	num	10

			timeout value for connection or open
control_file_line_order			D	str	NULL

			Put the control file lines in a specific order
control_filter			D	str	NULL

			Filter for control file. Used when sending job to remote

			spool queue.
create_files		D	bool		false

			create log, debug, etc., files automatically
db	A	str
		NULL	LPD debug options when serving this queue.

			See lf (log file) entry as well.
default_format			R	str	f

			default format for printing jobs
default_permission			D	str	A

			default permission for operation
default_printer			A	str	lp

			default printer for printing jobs
default_priority			R	str	A

			default priority for printing jobs
default_remote_host			A	str	localhost

			default remote host for printing operations
default_tmp_dir			A	str	/tmp

			default temporary directory
destinations		D	str	NULL

			names of printers that lpq/lprm should talk to

			find a job that has been processed by a router

			script (see README.routing)
df	D	str
		NULL	tex data filter (DVI format)
done_jobs		D	num	1

			retain status for last N jobs
done_jobs_max_age			num	0

			remove status older than N seconds (0 - no removal)
exit_linger_timeout			A	num	10

			socket SO_LINGER timeout value
fd	D	bool
		false	if true, no forwarded jobs accepted
ff	D	str
		’’\f’’	string to send for a form feed (see INITIALIZATION)
filter		D
		str	NULL

			default filter to use for printing file
filter_ld_path			D	str	(see source)

			the LD_LIBARY_PATH environment variable value for filters
filter_options			D	str	(see source code)

			when bk flag clear, options for non OF print filters
filter_path		D	str	(default ’/bin:/usr/bin’)

			the PATH environment variable value for filters
filter_poll_interval			D	num	30

			interval to poll OF filter
filter_stderr_to_status_file				D	bool		false

			set the filter STDERR to the status file and do

			no report errors in the queue status file.
fo	D	bool
		false	print a form feed when device is opened
force_fqdn_hostname			A	bool		FALSE

			Force a fully qualified host name in control file
force_ipadddr_hostname			A	bool		FALSE

			Force the IP address of the host to be used for the

			hostname in control file
force_localhost			A	bool		TRUE

			Forces the clients programs (lpr, lpc, etc.)

			to send all print jobs and requests to the server running

			on the localhost entry for action. This flag effectively

			forces BSD LPR behavior.
force_lpq_status			D	str	NULL

			Specifies a list of LPQ formats and hosts which get status

			returned in this format. For example

			force_lpq_status=s=pc;l=mac will cause hosts whose

			FQDN matches pc* to get short status and those which

			match mac* to get long format.
force_queuename			A	str	NULL

			When :qq: flag or use_queuename configuration is enabled,

			specifies the queuename to be used for control file Q

			information.
ff_separator		D	bool		false

			need form feeds to separate job files
fq	D	bool
		false	print a form feed when device is closed
full_time		D	bool detailed time format specification in log messages
fx	A	str
		NULL	valid output filter formats

			i.e. ’’flp’’ would allow f, l, and p

			default is to allow all formats
gf	D	str
		NULL	graph data filter (plot (3X) format)
generate_banner			D	bool		false

			generate a banner when forwarding job
group		D
		str	daemon		LPD server group id for execution
hl	D	bool
		false	print banner after job instead of before
if	D	str
		NULL	filter command, run on a per-file basis
ignore_requested_user_priority					D	bool		false

			Ignore the requested user priority when ordering jobs.

			Prevents students... um... users from queue jumping.
ipv6		A
		bool	false		Use IPV6
keepalive		A	bool		true

			set socket SO_KEEPALIVE option
kerberos_keytab			D	str	/etc/lpd.keytab

			Kerberos lpd server keytab file
kerberos_life			D	str	NULL

			Kerberos lpd server key lifetime
kerberos_renew			D	str	NULL

			Kerberos lpd server key renewal time
kerberos_server_principle				D	str	NULL

			Kerberos remote lpd server principle
kerberos_service			D	str	lpr

			Kerberos service used in principle requests
la	D	bool
		true	write local printer accounting (if af is set)
ld	D	str
		NULL	leader string printed on printer open (see INITIALIZATION)
lf	D	str
		’’log’’	error and debugging log file (LPD)
lk	D	bool
		false	lock the lp device to force arbitration
lockfile		D	str	/var/spool/lpd/lpd

			lpd lock file (used only in lpd.conf).

The lpd_port port value is appended
to the lockfile value to provide a unique lockfile
even when different versions of LPRng are running
on the same system.

logger_destination			D	str	NULL

			destination for logging information. Format is

			host%port
logger_max_size			D	num	1024

			logger file maximum size in K
logger_path		D	str	NULL

			logger file pathname
logger_timeout			D	num	0

			logger connection timeout. 0 is no timeout.
longnumber		D	bool		false

			use 6 digit job numbers
lp	D	str
		NULL	device name or pipe to send output to
lpd_bounce		A	bool		FALSE

			Forces lpd to filter jobs and then forward them

			as a single file

			(See Bounce Queues)
lpd_force_poll			A	bool		FALSE

			Forces lpd to periodically poll lpd queues.
lpd_poll_time			A	num	600

			Check queues for work at this interval; start queues

			in groups of ’lpd_poll_servers_started’ at intervals

			of ’lpd_poll_start_interval’ seconds
lpd_poll_start_interval			A	num	10

			Start ’lpd_poll_servers_started’ queue servers at this

			interval.
lpd_poll_servers_started			A	num	10

			Start ’lpd_poll_servers_started’ queues at once
lpd_port		D	str	printer

format is [ipaddr%]port. If the ipaddr is present
then the lpd listening socket is bound to the specified
ip address and port only, otherwise it is bound to all
interfaces. If the port value is not a number then the


			then the getservbyname() system call is used to get the

			port number.
lpd_printcap_path			D	str	(see source)

			printcap path for lpd, used instead of printcap path

			(configuration value only)
lpr_bounce		R	bool		true

			Forces lpr to filter jobs and then send them.

			(See Bounce Queues)
lpr_bsd		R
		bool	false

			when set, LPR -m will not take argument, but will use

			$USER value for return mail address.
mail_from		D	str	NULL

			specifies the user part of email From: address
mail_operator_on_error			D	str	NULL

			send mail to this user when LPD encounters printing error.
max_connect_interval			A	num	60

			maximum time between connection attempts
max_log_file_size			D	num	0

			maximum log file size in K bytes (0 is unlimited)

			spool queue log file truncated to min_log_file_size

			when value is nonzero and limited exceeded.
max_servers_active			D	num	0

			maximum servers that LPD will allow to be active at one

			time. 0 selects the system default, which is usually

			pretty small, perhaps 10. (configuration value only).
max_status_line			D	num	79	maximum number of characters on an LPQ status line
max_status_size			D	num	10	maximum size (Kbytes) of status file
mc	R	num
		1	maximum copies allowed
min_log_file_size			D	num	0	minimum size (Kbytes) of log file
min_status_size			D	num	2	minimum size (Kbytes) of status file
minfree		D
		str	0

			minimum space (in K) for spool directory
ml	R	num
		32	minimum printable characters for printable check
ms_time_resolution			D	bool		false

			log time in milliseconds
mx	R	num
		0	maximum job size in K, 0 = unlimited
nb	D	num
		0	if non-zero, do a nonblocking open on lp device
nf	D	str
		NULL	DITROFF data filter
network_connect_grace			A	num	0

			time between attempts to send jobs to spooler

			Useful when dealing with network printer using LPD

			interface to allow a bit of time between jobs.
nline_after_file			D	bool		false

			put the N (filename) after the data file information

			in the control file. Use to handle systems that want

			it that way.
of	D	str
		NULL	output filter, run once for all output

			(used for banner printing, form feeds between files)
of_filter_options			D	str	(see source code)

			when bk flag clear, options for OF print filters
oh	A	str
		NULL	Specific printcap entry for host;

			(printcap entry ignored unless IP address of host and

			entry value match. Entry is used first to do glob

			style match against the host’s fully qualified domain name,

			and then interpreted as a general IP address)
order_routine			D	bool		false

			use a user provided routine to generate queue order

			information.
originate_port			A	str	512 1023

			when originating a connection, use ports in this range.
pass_env		A	str	LANG,LC_CTYPE,LC_NUMERIC,LC_TIME,LC_COLLATE,LC_MONETARY,LC_MESSAGES,LC_PAPER,LC_NAME,LC_ADDRESS,LC_TELEPHONE,LC_MEASUREMENT,LC_IDENTIFICATION,LC_ALL

			if not the LPD server, sanitize and put these variables

			in a filter environment variable list.
perms_path		A	str	/etc/lprng/lpd.perms

			location of perms file (used in lpd.conf)
pl	D	num
		66	page length (in lines)
pr	D	str
		’’/bin/pr’’	pr program for p format
prefix_o_to_z			D	bool		false

			prefix the control file O line to the control file

			Z line.
prefix_z		D	str	NULL

			prefix the specified options to the control file

			Z line.
prefix_z_to_o			D	bool		false

			prefix the control file Z line to the control file

			O line.
printcap_path			A	str	/etc/printcap

			location of printcap file (only in lpd.conf)
ps	A	str
		’’status’’	printer status file name
pw	D	num
		132	page width (in characters)
px	D	num
		0	page width in pixels (horizontal)
py	D	num
		0	page length in pixels (vertical)
qq	A	bool
		false	LPR - puts in the queue name (Q entry)

			in the job control file when spooled or transferred.

			LPD - when receiving or transferring a job,

			if the queue name (Q entry) in the job control

			file is not present, puts in the queue name.
queue_control_file			D	str	control.%P

			name of the queue control file
queue_lock_file			D	str	%P

			name of the queue lock file
queue_status_file			D	str	status.%P

			name of the queue status file
queue_unspooler_file			D	str	unspooler.%P

			name of the queue unspooler status file
remote_support			A	str	NULL

			if non-null, specifies allowed operations to remote queue.

			R=lpr, M=lprm, Q=lpq, V = lpq -v, C=lpc. For example,

			remote_support=RM would only allow LPR and LPRM operations.
remove_z		D	str	null

			remove these options from the control file Z line
report_server_as			A	str	NULL

			use the str value as the name of the server when reporting

			LPQ or LPC status.
require_explicit_q			Require a queue to be specified, do not use default

			queue from printcap.
retry_econnrefused			A	bool		true

			if set, retry a connection to a remote system when an

			ECONNREFUSED error is returned.
retry_nolink		D	bool		true

			if LPD is sending a job or opening a device for

			printing and the value is true, then the connection or

			device open is repeated indefinitely.
return_short_status			D	str	NULL

			Some legacy (non-LPRng) LPQ programs expect ’short’ status

			to be returned. This option allows you to specify which hosts

			will get it. The value is a list of hosts and/or IP addresses

			and masks to which the LPD server will provide short status.

			For example: return_short_status=192.8.0.0/16 will make LPD

			return short status to all requests from hosts in subnet

			192.8.0.0. (See short_status_length)
reuse_addr		A	bool		false

			if set, use SO_REUSEADDR on outgoing connection ports.

			This reduces the problems with exhausting port numbers.

			(usually only in lpd.conf)
reverse_lpq_status			D	str	NULL

			When a lpq status request arrives from one of the specified

			hosts or IP addresses, then the LPQ status format is inverted.

			For example, if reverse_lpq_status=host*,127.0.0.0/8,

			then when a LONG status request arrives from host1 or from

			IP address 127.0.0.1, the SHORT status will be returned.
reverse_priority_order			D	bool		false

			Make highest priority A, lowest Z
rf	D	str
		NULL	filter for printing FORTRAN style text files
rg	A	str
		NULL	(restrict to group members)

			Restrict use of queue to users which are members of

			specified groups.
rm	A	str
		NULL	remote-queue machine (hostname) (with rp)
router		D
		str	NULL		script that dynamically re-routes a job

			(see README.routing)
rp	A	str
		NULL	remote-queue printer name (with rm)
rw	D	bool
		false	open the printer for reading and writing
safe_chars		D	str	NULL

			additional safe characters for control file contents
save_on_error			D	bool		false

			Save job when an error occurs to allow post-mortem

			diagnostics or reprinting. This should only be set on

			print queues. It is also a diagnostic aid.
save_when_done			D	bool		false

			Save job when done (printed, transferred) to allow

			retry at a later time. This should only be set on

			print queues. It is also a diagnostic aid.
sb	D	bool
		false	short banner (one line only)
sd	A	str
		NULL	spool directory (only ONE printer per directory!)
send_block_format			A	bool		false

			Use the LPRng extended ’block job’ job transmission

			method to send a job to a remote site.
send_data_first			A	bool		false		send data files then control files

			when sending a job to a remote host.
send_failure_action			D	str	"remove"

			Action on print or transmission failure after send_try

			attempts; use the following codes:

			’success’ (JSUCC) - treat as successful

			’abort’ (JABORT) - abort printer

			’retry’ (JRETRY) - retry job

			’remove’ (JREMOVE)- remove job

			’hold’ (JHOLD) - hold job

			If the value is "\|/filter", the filter will be run and

			the number of attempts can be read from standard input.

			The filter should exit with one of the error codes listed

			above to cause the appropriate action.
send_job_rw_timeout			A	num	6000

			timeout on read/write operations when sending job to

			printer or remote host (0 value is no timeout)
send_query_rw_timeout			A	num	6000

			timeout on read/write operations when performing a status

			operation (0 value is no timeout)
send_try		A	num	3

			number of times to try sending

			or printing a job. 0 is infinite.
sendmail		D	str	/usr/sbin/sendmail -oi -t

			sendmail command to send mail to user. Flags must be set

			so that address and other information is taken from

			standard input.
server		A
		bool	false		printcap entry for server only
server_auth_command			A	str	NULL

			authentication command for server program
server_tmp_dir			D	str	/tmp

			temporary directory for server to create files when there

			is no spool directory.
server_user		D	str	daemon		server user name used in authentication operations
sf	D	bool
		true	suppress form feed separators between job files
sh	D	bool
		false	suppress headers and/or banner page
shell		D
		str	/bin/sh

			SHELL environment variable value for filters
short_status_length			D	num	1

			If the return_short_status value is used and has a match against

			a requesting address, this amount of status is set by the

			short_status_length option. For most legacy systems a 1 is

			suitable (1 line of status).
socket_linger			A	num	10

			if nonzero, forces a SO_LINGER operation to be done

			on all TCP/IP connections. This usually corrects a problem

			with missing last data transmissions to remote hosts.
spool_dir_perms			D	num	042700		permissions for spool directory
spool_file_perms			D	num	0600		permissions for spool file
ss	D	str
		NULL	name of queue that server serves (with sv)
ssl_XXX		D
		str	NULL

			SSL authentication and encryption options.

			See lprng_certs(1) for details.
ssl_ca_file		str	A	/etc/lprng/ssl.ca/ca.crt

			SSL signing certificate file
ssl_ca_path		str	A	NULL

			SSL signing certificate directory. Default is

			directory containing ssl_ca_file.
ssl_server_cert			str	A	/etc/lprng/ssl.server/server.crt

			SSL server certificate
ssl_server_password			str	A

			SSL server certificate password
stalled_time		D	num	120

			Time after which to report an active job as stalled
stop_on_abort			D	bool		true

			Stop processing queue when print filter aborts.
stty		D
		str	NULL		stty settings for serial connected printer
suspend_of_filter			D	bool		true

			suspend OF filter and restart. If false, close filter

			and start new one for each activity.
sv	D	str
		NULL	names of servers for queue (with ss)
syslog_device			D	str	/dev/console

				name of syslog device to use if no syslog facility
tc	A	str
		NULL	reference to a printcap entry to include as part of

			the current entry.
tf	D	str
		NULL	troff data filter (C/A/T phototypesetter)
tr	D	str
		NULL	trailer string to print when queue empties
translate_format			D	str	NULL

			translate job format (similar to tr(1) utility)

			on outgoing jobs.

			Example: translate_format=pfml

			p format changed to f, m format to l
translate_incoming_format				D	str	NULL

			translate job format (similar to tr(1) utility)

			on incoming jobs. See translate_format.
use_date		A	bool		true add date line (’D’) to control file
use_identifier			R	bool		true

			add job identifier lines (’A’) in the control file
use_info_cache			D	bool		true		cache printcap information
use_shorthost			R	bool		false

			use only the hostname for job control

			and data file names. Host information in job file

			will still be fully qualified domain name.
user		D
		str	daemon		LPD effective user (EUID) for SUID operations
wait_for_eof		D	bool		true

			wait for EOF on input when readable IO device,

			do not close immediately at job end.
vf	D	str
		NULL	(Versatek) raster image filter

See the alphabetical listing for detailed information.

Filters and Page Formats

Xf	D	str
		NULL	output filter for format X (used by lpd)

			’filter’ sets default filter
cf	D	str
		NULL	cifplot data filter
control_filter			D	str	NULL

			Filter for control file. Used when sending job to remote

			spool queue.
df	D	str
		NULL	tex data filter (DVI format)
direct_read		D	bool		false

			if true, filters are given direct access to file.

			This means no progress indication possible.
fx	A	str
		NULL	valid output filter formats

			i.e. ’’flp’’ would allow f, l, and p

			default is to allow all formats
gf	D	str
		NULL	graph data filter (plot (3X) format)
if	D	str
		NULL	filter command, run on a per-file basis
lpd_bounce		R	bool		false

			Forces lpd to filter jobs and then forward them.

			(See Bounce Queues)
lpr_bounce		R	bool		false

			Forces lpr to filter jobs and then send them.

			(See Bounce Queues)
nf	D	str
		NULL	DITROFF data filter
of	D	str
		NULL	output filter, run once for all output
pl	D	num
		66	page length (in lines)
pr	D	str
		’’/bin/pr’’	pr program for p format
pw	D	num
		132	page width (in characters)
px	D	num
		0	page width in pixels (horizontal)
py	D	num
		0	page length in pixels (vertical)
rf	D	str
		NULL	filter for printing FORTRAN style text files
translate_format			D	str	NULL

			translate job format (similar to tr(1) utility)

			only valid when transferring to remote spool queue.

			Example: translate_format=pfml

			p format changed to f, m format to l
tf	D	str
		NULL	troff data filter (C/A/T phototypesetter)
vf	D	str
		NULL	(Versatek) raster image filter

Banners

ab	D	bool
		false	always print banner, ignore lpr -h option
be	D	str
			banner printing program for end (overrides bp, hl)
bp	D	str
			banner printing program (use hl to print banner at end)
bs	D	str
			banner printing program for start (overrides bp, hl)
hl	D	bool
		false	print banner after job instead of before
sb	D	bool
		false	short banner (one line only)
sh	D	bool
		false	suppress headers and/or banner page, overrides ab

Accounting

		ae	D	str
						accounting format for end of job or a program to run

to record accounting information (see also af, la, ar


			and Accounting).
af	D	str
		NULL	name of accounting file (see also la, ar)
ar	D	bool
		true	write remote transfer accounting (if af, and as/ae set)
as	D	str
			accounting format for start of job or a program to run

to record accounting information (see also af, la, ar

Queue control

ah	D	bool
		false	auto-hold - job held until explicitly released
bk	R	bool
		false	backwards-compatible: be strictly RFC-compliant
bkf	R	bool
		false	backwards-compatible filter: use Berkeley filter options
bqfilter		D	bool		false
					if a bounce queue (sends jobs to remote site)

			then when bqfilter true and a format filter is specified,

			sends data files through format filter before transfer.

			See also ’qq’.
cd	D	str
		NULL	control information directory for LPD server
cm	A	str
		NULL	comment identifying printer (LPQ)
fd	D	bool
		false	if true, no forwarded jobs accepted
lf	D	str
		’’log’’	error and debugging log file (LPD)
longnumber		D	bool		false

			use 6 digit job numbers
mc	R	num
		1	maximum copies allowed
ml	R	num
		32	minimum printable characters for printable check
minfree		D
		str	0	minimum space (Kb) to be left in spool filesystem

			You can also use nnnM for nnn megabytes.
mx	R	num
		0	maximum job size (1Kb blocks, 0 = unlimited)
ps	A	str
		’’status’’	printer status file name
nw	A	bool
		false	spool dir is on an NFS file system

			(take precautions when reading/writing files)
qq	A	bool
		false	place queue information in control file. See

			alphabetical for details.
rm	A	str
		NULL	remote-queue machine (hostname) (with rp)
rp	A	str
		NULL	remote-queue printer name (with rm)
sd	A	str
		NULL	spool directory (only ONE printer per directory!)
ss	D	str
		NULL	name of queue that server serves (with sv)
sv	D	str
		NULL	names of servers for queue (with ss)
sc	R	bool
		false	suppress multiple copies
use_auth		A	str	NULL authentication to use
use_date		A	bool		true add date line (’D’) to control file
use_identifier			R	bool	true

			add job identifier lines (’A’) in the control file
use_shorthost			R	bool	false
					use only the hostname for job control

			and data file names. Host information in job file

			will still be fully qualified domain name.

Connection and Interface to Printer

db	A	num
		0	debug level when using this printer
connect_interval			A	num	10

			time between open or connection attempts
connect_timeout			A	num	10

			timeout value for connection or open

			(0 is infinite number)
ff	D	str
		’’\f’’	string to send for a form feed (see INITIALIZATION)
fo	D	bool
		false	print a form feed when device is opened
fq	D	bool
		false	print a form feed when device is closed
ld	D	str
		NULL	leader string printed on printer open (see INITIALIZATION)
lp	D	str
		NULL	device name or pipe to send output to
lk	D	bool
		false	lock the lp device to force arbitration
max_connect_interval			A	num	60

			maximum time between connection attempts
nb	D	num
		0	if non-zero, do a nonblocking open on lp device
retry_econnrefused			A	bool	true

			if set, retry a connection to a remote system when an

			ECONNREFUSED error is returned.
retry_nolink		D	bool		true

			if LPD is sending a job or opening a device for

			printing and the value is true, then the connection or

			device open is repeated indefinitely.
rs	D	num
		300	number of seconds between spool queue status scans
rt	D	num
		3	number of times to try printing (0=infinite).
rw	D	bool
		false	open the printer for reading and writing
save_on_error			D	bool	false

			See above.
save_when_done			D	bool	false

			See above.
send_failure_action			D	str	remove

			See above.
send_try			alias for rt
sf	D	bool
		true	suppress form feed separators between job files
socket_linger			A	num	10

			if nonzero, forces a SO_LINGER operation to be done

			on all TCP/IP connections. This usually corrects a problem

			with missing last data transmissions to remote hosts.
tr	D	str
		NULL	trailer string to print when queue empties

Serial Line Setup

br	D	num
		none	if lp is a tty, set the baud rate (see ty)
stty		D
		str	NULL	stty commands to set output line characteristics

			alias is sy, ms
xs	D	num
		0	like ’xc’ but set bits (see STTY)

Miscellaneous

all	A	str
		NULL	a list of all printers; (see ALL PRINTERS)
destinations		D	str	NULL

			names of printers that lpq/lprm should talk to find

			a job that has been processed by a router script

			(see README.routing)
forward_auth		D	str	NULL

			server to server authentication type, e.g. kerberos
force_localhost			A	bool	TRUE

			Forces the clients programs (lpr, lpc, etc.)

			to send all print jobs and requests to the server running

			on the localhost entry for action. This flag effectively

			forces BSD LPR behaviour.
force_queuename			A	str	NULL

			See above.
logger_destination			D	str	NULL

			destination for logging information. Format is

			host[%port][,(TCP\|UDP)]
oh	D	str
		NULL	Specific printcap entry for host. See above.
remote_support			A	str	RMQC

			if non-null, specifies allowed operations to remote queue.

			R=lpr, M=lprm, Q=lpq, C=lpc
router		D
		str	NULL		script that dynamically re-routes a job

			(see README.routing)
server		A
		bool	false		printcap entry for server only
server_auth_command			D	str	NULL

			authentication command for server to use.
tc	A	str
		NULL	reference to a printcap entry to include as part of

			the current entry.
use_auth		D	str	NULL

			client to server authentication type, e.g. kerberos
user_auth_command			R	str	NULL

			authentication command for user (client program)

By convention, all output filter names have the form Xf, where X is the lower case letter corresponding to the lpr formatting option. The filter option can specify a default filter for job files.

The of filter is started for each job and is used to print the banner page and any FF separators between individual files of the job. It is sent a special stop sequence by the lpd server, and must suspend operations until sent a SIGCONT signal. A file or job filter is run separately for each file; at the end of the job the of filter is restarted and used to print the trailing banner (if any) and FF separators.

Filters are invoked with a standard set of options defined by the bk_filter_options (backwards compatible), bk_of_filter_options (backwards compatible OF filter), and filter_options configuration variables. See the lpd(8) manual page for details. If the first characters of the filter specification are -$, i.e.- Xf=-$ filter, then the command line options are not added. Currently, the options are:
bk_filter_options $P $w $l $x $y $F $c $L $i $J $C $0n $0h $-a
bk_of_filter_options $w $l $x $y
filter_options $C $F $H $J $L $P $Q $R $Z $a $c $d \
$e $f $h $i $j $k $l $n $s $w $x $y $-a

Printcap entries which have a spool directory value (sd) are called spool queues. Jobs sent to a printer with a spool queue are place in the spool directory. When checking the spool queue for jobs, the server will check to see if there is a printcap file in the directory with the name printcap.host. If there is, the additional printcap information is processed and used by the server.

If the spool directory is NFS exported, then remote hosts can manipulate the spool entries directly; this can have catastrophic effects, especially in systems where the NFS implementation has defects. The printcap information is particularly vulnerable to exploitation, as well as symbolic links, jobs which cannot be removed, etc.

Local printers have an lp entry, which is the device that output should be sent to, usually a serial port tty. PLP supplements this by using the lp field to indicate a remote printer, or by allowing communication with the printer using a separate program, known as an lp-pipe, instead of a serial line. If the printcap lp entry contains a string of the form printer@host, jobs are forwarded to the specified remote printer on the host. If the printcap lp entry contains a string of the form | command args , the command command is run, with the arguments args . This can be used to communicate with printers connected to network terminal servers, some TCP/IP-capable printers, and just about anything you can hack up a communication program for. Read the LPRng Manual for more details.

The stty printcap parameter recognizes a set of stty(1) options that can be used to set serial line characteristics for the printer. However, due to the differences between implementations of UNIX, there are several sets of ty options supported. Invoke lpd(8) with the ’’-v’’ command-line option to see which set your installation is using.

Systems using the sgtty tty manipulation interface may use the following stty(1) options:

bs0	bs1	[-]cbreak	cooked	cr0

cr1	cr2	cr3	[-]decctlq	[-]echo

[-]even	ff0	ff1	[-]lcase	[-]litout

nl0	nl1	nl2	nl3	[-]nl

[-]noflsh	new	[-]nohang	old	[-]odd

[-]raw	start	stop	tab0	tab1

tab2	[-]tabs	[-]tandem	tek	ti700

[-]tilde	tn300	tty33	tty37	vt05

[-]evenp	[-]oddp	[-]pass8

Systems using termio may use the following options:

[-]ignbrk	[-]brkint	[-]ignpar	[-]parmrk	[-]inpck
[-]istrip	[-]inlcr	[-]igncr	[-]icrnl	[-]iuclc
[-]ixon	[-]ixany	[-]ixoff	[-]decctlq	[-]tandem
[-]imaxbel	[-]opost	[-]olcuc	[-]onlcr	[-]ocrnl
[-]onocr	[-]onlret	[-]ofill	[-]ofdel	[-]cstopb
[-]cread	[-]parenb	[-]parodd	[-]hupcl	[-]clocal
[-]loblk	[-]parity	[-]evenp	[-]oddp	[-]stopb
[-]hup	[-]crtscts	[-]isig	[-]noisig	[-]icanon
[-]cbreak	[-]xcase	[-]echo	[-]echoe	[-]echok
[-]crterase	[-]lfkc	[-]echonl	[-]noflsh	[-]tostop
[-]echoctl	[-]ctlecho	[-]echoprt	[-]prterase	[-]echoke
[-]crtkill	[-]lcase	[-]nl	[-]litout	[-]pass8
[-]raw	[-]sane	[-]cooked	[-]nopost	fill
nl0	nl1	cr0	cr1	cr2
cr3	tab0	tab1	tab2	tab3
bs0	bs1	vt0	vt1	ff0
ff1	cs5	cs6	cs7	cs8
nul-fill	del-fill	-tabs

And systems using termios may use the following options:

[-]ignbrk	[-]brkint	[-]ignpar	[-]parmrk	[-]inpck
[-]istrip	[-]inlcr	[-]igncr	[-]icrnl	[-]iuclc
[-]ixon	[-]ixany	[-]ixoff	[-]imaxbel	[-]pass8
[-]opost	[-]olcuc	[-]onlcr	[-]ocrnl	[-]onocr
[-]onlret	[-]ofill	[-]ofdel	[-]tabs	nl0
nl1	cr0	cr1	cr2	cr3
tab0	tab1	tab2	tab3	bs0
bs1	vt0	vt1	ff0	ff1
cs5	cs6	cs7	cs8	[-]cstopb
[-]cread	[-]parenb	[-]parodd	[-]hupcl	[-]clocal
[-]crtscts	[-]evenp	[-]parity	[-]oddp	[-]pass8
[-]isig	[-]icanon	[-]xcase	[-]echo	[-]echoe
[-]echok	[-]echonl	[-]noflsh	[-]tostop	[-]iexten
[-]echoctl	[-]ctlecho	[-]echoprt	[-]prterase	[-]echoke
[-]crtkill	[-]flusho	[-]pendin

The fc , fs , xc , and xs printcap entries are obsolete, and if present with non-zero values will abort print job processing.

Many printers require an initialization string to be sent to them in order to configure their operation. The leader (ld) and trailer (tr) strings are sent at the start and end of job processing. These strings are interpreted using the C language conventions for character representation: \nnn is replaced with a character with the value nnn, \n with a new line, \r with a carriage return, and so forth.

The LPRng software has the capability to use a remote database for obtaining printcap and other information. One of the difficulties arises when a list of all printers available is needed. By convention, the special printer name all is reserved for this information; the all field is a list of printers separated by spaces or punctuation. For example:

#all printers
all:all=lp1,lp2,lp3,lp4

Accounting in the LPRng package has evolved over time to accommodate new requirements. The general approach is to use either a simple log to file method in which the accounting information is written to a log file or a more complex log to program method in which the accounting information is written to a program. The information and method and actions taken are specified by the following entries:
:as - start of job accounting
:ae - end of job accounting
:af - default job accounting
:achk - used accounting for authorization.

The value of the :as and :ae options are either a string which is used as the accounting information or a program which is executed to log or save the accounting information. If a program is executed then the value of the :af entry is ignored and the program is run to record the job accounting information. For example:
# string for information logging
:as=jobend $H $n $P $k $b $t
:ae=jobstart $H $n $P $k $b $t

:as=|/usr/local/libexec/logjobstart $H $n $P $k $b $t
:ae=|/usr/local/libexec/logjobend $H $n $P $k $b $t

If the :as or :ae value is a string then the :af information is used to record the accounting information:
af=|/path - run program, :as or :ae written to
program STDIN
af=host%port - tcp/ip connection to port on host,
:as or :ae written to connection
af=path - treat path as a file pathname,
if file exists append :as or :ae
to file.

If the :achk flag is set then this is modified as follows.
If the :as entry specifies a program or :af entry specifies a
program or remote host (i.e. - logging using program) then
after accounting information has been written to the
program or connection a response will be read from the program
STDOUT or the connection.
This response is expected to be an ASCII string.
If the line is blank or starts with ACCEPT then the job will be printed,
HOLD will hold the job, REMOVE will remove the job,
and ABORT or a non-recognizable response will cause printing to be aborted.

If the output is written to a program then the exit status
of the program can be used as well.
If the program exits with nonzero status then the
exit code controls the disposition:
JHOLD, JREMOVE, and JABORT will hold, remove,
or abort the job respectively.
If the exit status is 0, then
the filter’s STDOUT will be read and processed as described above.

If the lp option value has the format :lp=pr@host or job forwarding is specified by :rp=pr:rm=host then the normal operation is simple to store and forward the print jobs. If filters are specified then the job files are first filtered and then the output of the filters is sent to the destination. For historical reasons, a spool queue that does filtering and forwarding is called a bounce queue. The bounce_queue_format (default ’f’) specifies the output for the filtered files. If this is not desirable the translate_format option can be used to specify a format. The option has the form SdSdSdN, where S is the original format and d is the final format. If none of the formats match and there is an odd number of formats then the last one is used. For example, pfmlf would convert formats p to f, m to l, and v to f.

The :lpd_bounce flag concatenate the output of the filters and the result will be sent as a single job file to the destination. This facility is useful when handling legacy print spooler applications that do not understand the RFC1179 copy, etc., options. The first letter of the bounce_queue_format (default ’f’) is used as the output file format.

The lpr_bounce printcap flag can be used to cause LPR to do bounce queue filtering in exactly the same manner as the server. This should be used with caution as missing filters on the client system can cause unexpected behavior.

LPRng supports built in kerberos authentication. To enable this, the LPD protocol has been extended to provide a way to transfer authenticated and/or encrypted jobs and commands. The details are covered in the LPRng HOWTO documentation.

Also, SSL can be used. See lprng_certs(1) for details.

The files used by LPRng are set by values in the printer configuration file. The following are a commonly used set of default values.

	/etc/lprng/lpd.conf	LPRng configuration file
	${HOME}/.printcap	user printer description file
	/etc/printcap	printer description file
	/etc/lprng/lpd.perms	permissions
	/var/run/lprng/lpd	lock file for queue control
	/var/spool/lpd	spool directories
	/var/spool/lpd/QUEUE/control	queue control
	/var/spool/lpd/QUEUE/log	trace or debug log file
	/var/spool/lpd/QUEUE/acct	accounting file
	/var/spool/lpd/QUEUE/status	status file

LPRng is a enhanced printer spooler system with functionality similar to the Berkeley LPR software. The LPRng developer mailing list is lprng-devel [AT] lists.net; subscribe by visiting https://lists.sourceforge.net/lists/listinfo/lprng-devel or sending mail to lprng-request [AT] lists.net with the word subscribe in the body.
The software is available via http://lprng.sourceforge.net

and Accounting).

write local printer accounting (if af is set)