NAME
close − relinquish access to a device
SYNOPSIS
Block and
Character
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/errno.h>
#include <sys/open.h>
#include <sys/cred.h>
#include <sys/ddi.h>
#include <sys/sunddi.h>
int prefixclose(dev_t dev, int flag, int otyp, cred_t *cred_p);
STREAMS
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/stream.h>
#include <sys/file.h>
#include <sys/errno.h>
#include <sys/open.h>
#include <sys/cred.h>
#include <sys/ddi.h>
#include <sys/sunddi.h>
int prefixclose(queue_t *q, int flag, cred_t *cred_p);
INTERFACE LEVEL
Architecture independent level 1 (DDI/DKI). This entry point is required for block devices.
PARAMETERS
Block and Character
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dev |
Device number. | ||
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flag |
File status flag, as set by the open(2) or modified by the fcntl(2) system calls. The flag is for information only—the file should always be closed completely. Possible values are: FEXCL, FNDELAY, FREAD, FKLYR, and FWRITE. Refer to open(9E) for more information. | ||
|
otyp |
Parameter supplied so that the driver can determine how many times a device was opened and for what reasons. The flags assume the open() routine may be called many times, but the close() routine should only be called on the last close() of a device. |
OTYP_BLK
Close was through block interface for the device.
OTYP_CHR
Close was through the raw/character interface for the device.
OTYP_LYR
Close a layered process (a higher-level driver called the close() routine of the device).
*cred_p
Pointer to the user credential structure.
STREAMS
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*q |
Pointer to queue(9S) structure used to reference the read side of the driver. (A queue is the central node of a collection of structures and routines pointed to by a queue.) | ||
|
flag |
File status flag. |
*cred_p
Pointer to the user credential structure.
DESCRIPTION
For STREAMS drivers, the close() routine is called by the kernel through the cb_ops(9S) table entry for the device. (Modules use the fmodsw table.) A non-null value in the d_str field of the cb_ops entry points to a streamtab structure, which points to a qinit(9S) containing a pointer to the close() routine. Non-STREAMS close() routines are called directly from the cb_ops table.
close() ends the connection between the user process and the device, and prepares the device (hardware and software) so that it is ready to be opened again.
A device may be opened simultaneously by multiple processes and the open() driver routine is called for each open, but the kernel will only call the close() routine when the last process using the device issues a close(2) or umount(2) system call or exits. (An exception is a close occurring with the otyp argument set to OTYP_LYR, for which a close (also having otyp = OTYP_LYR) occurs for each open.)
In general, a close() routine should always check the validity of the minor number component of the dev parameter. The routine should also check permissions as necessary, by using the user credential structure (if pertinent), and the appropriateness of the flag and otyp parameter values.
close() could perform any of the following general functions:
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• |
disable interrupts | ||
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• |
hang up phone lines | ||
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• |
rewind a tape | ||
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• |
deallocate buffers from a private buffering scheme | ||
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• |
unlock an unsharable device (that was locked in the open() routine) | ||
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• |
flush buffers | ||
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• |
notify a device of the close | ||
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• |
deallocate any resources allocated on open |
The close() routines of STREAMS drivers and modules are called when a stream is dismantled or a module popped. The steps for dismantling a stream are performed in the following order. First, any multiplexor links present are unlinked and the lower streams are closed. Next, the following steps are performed for each module or driver on the stream, starting at the head and working toward the tail:
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1. |
The write queue is given a chance to drain. |
|||
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2. |
The close() routine is called. |
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3. |
The module or driver is removed from the stream. |
RETURN VALUES
close() should return 0 for success, or the appropriate error number. Return errors rarely occur, but if a failure is detected, the driver should decide whether the severity of the problem warrants either displaying a message on the console or, in worst cases, triggering a system panic. Generally, a failure in a close() routine occurs because a problem occurred in the associated device.
SEE ALSO
close(2), fcntl(2), open(2), umount(2), detach(9E), open(9E), cb_ops(9S), qinit(9S), queue(9S)
Writing Device Drivers
STREAMS Programming Guide