Manpages

NAME

socat - Multipurpose relay (SOcket CAT)

SYNOPSIS

socat [options] <address> <address>
socat -V
socat -h[h[h]] | -?[?[?]]
filan
procan

DESCRIPTION

Socat is a command line based utility that establishes two bidirectional byte streams and transfers data between them. Because the streams can be constructed from a large set of different types of data sinks and sources (see address types), and because lots of address options may be applied to the streams, socat can be used for many different purposes.

Filan is a utility that prints information about its active file descriptors to stdout. It has been written for debugging socat, but might be useful for other purposes too. Use the -h option to find more infos.

Procan is a utility that prints information about process parameters to stdout. It has been written to better understand some UNIX process properties and for debugging socat, but might be useful for other purposes too.

The life cycle of a socat instance typically consists of four phases.

In the init phase, the command line options are parsed and logging is initialized.

During the open phase, socat opens the first address and afterwards the second address. These steps are usually blocking; thus, especially for complex address types like socks, connection requests or authentication dialogs must be completed before the next step is started.

In the transfer phase, socat watches both streams’ read and write file descriptors via select() , and, when data is available on one side and can be written to the other side, socat reads it, performs newline character conversions if required, and writes the data to the write file descriptor of the other stream, then continues waiting for more data in both directions.

When one of the streams effectively reaches EOF, the closing phase begins. Socat transfers the EOF condition to the other stream, i.e. tries to shutdown only its write stream, giving it a chance to terminate gracefully. For a defined time socat continues to transfer data in the other direction, but then closes all remaining channels and terminates.

OPTIONS

Socat provides some command line options that modify the behaviour of the program. They have nothing to do with so called address options that are used as parts of address specifications.

-h | -?

Print a help text to stdout describing command line options and available address types, and exit.

-hh | -??

Like -h, plus a list of the short names of all available address options. Some options are platform dependend, so this output is helpful for checking the particular implementation.

-hhh | -???

Like -hh, plus a list of all available address option names.

-d -d | -dd | -d2

Prints fatal, error, warning, and notice messages.

-d -d -d | -ddd | -d3

Prints fatal, error, warning, notice, and info messages.

-d -d -d -d | -dddd | -d4

Prints fatal, error, warning, notice, info, and debug messages.

--experimental

New features that are not well tested or are subject to change in the future must me explicitely enabled using this option.

-ly[<facility>]

Writes messages to syslog instead of stderr; severity as defined with -d option. With optional <facility>, the syslog type can be selected, default is "daemon". Third party libraries might not obey this option.

-lf<logfile>

Writes messages to <logfile> [filename] instead of stderr. Some third party libraries, in particular libwrap, might not obey this option.

-lp<progname>

Overrides the program name printed in error messages and used for constructing environment variable names.

-lm[<facility>]

Mixed log mode. During startup messages are printed to stderr; when socat starts the transfer phase loop or daemon mode (i.e. after opening all streams and before starting data transfer, or, with listening sockets with fork option, before the first accept call), it switches logging to syslog. With optional <facility>, the syslog type can be selected, default is "daemon".

-r <file>

Dumps the raw (binary) data flowing from left to right address to the given file. The file name may contain references to environment variables and $$ (pid), $PROGNAME (see option option -lp), $TIMESTAMP (uses format %Y%m%dT%H%M%S), and MICROS (microseconds of daytime). These references have to be protected from shell expansion of course.

-R <file>

Dumps the raw (binary) data flowing from right to left address to the given file. See option -r for customization of file name.

-b<size>

Sets the data transfer block <size> [size_t]. At most <size> bytes are transferred per step. Default is 8192 bytes.

-S<signals-bitmap>

Changes the set of signals that are caught by socat just for printing an log message. This catching is useful to get the information about the signal into socats log, but prevents core dump or other standard actions. The default set of these signals is SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGQUIT, SIGILL, SIGABRT, SIGBUS, SIGFPE, SIGSEGV, and SIGTERM; replace this set (0x89de on Linux) with a bitmap (e.g., SIGFPE has value 8 and its bit is 0x0080).
Note: Signals SIGHUP, SIGINT, SIGQUIT, SIGUSR1, SIGPIPE, SIGALRM, SIGTERM, and SIGCHLD may be handled specially anyway.

-t<timeout>

When one channel has reached EOF, the write part of the other channel is shut down. Then, socat waits <timeout> [timeval] seconds before terminating. Default is 0.5 seconds. This timeout only applies to addresses where write and read part can be closed independently. When during the timeout interval the read part gives EOF, socat terminates without awaiting the timeout.

-T<timeout>

Total inactivity timeout: when socat is already in the transfer loop and nothing has happened for <timeout> [timeval] seconds (no data arrived, no interrupt occurred...) then it terminates. Useful with protocols like UDP that cannot transfer EOF.

-L<lockfile>

If lockfile exists, exits with error. If lockfile does not exist, creates it and continues, unlinks lockfile on exit.

-W<lockfile>

If lockfile exists, waits until it disappears. When lockfile does not exist, creates it and continues, unlinks lockfile on exit.

--statistics

See also signal USR1.
This feature is experimental and might change in future versions.

ADDRESS SPECIFICATIONS

With the address command line arguments, the user gives socat instructions and the necessary information for establishing the byte streams.

An address specification usually consists of an address type keyword, zero or more required address parameters separated by ’:’ from the keyword and from each other, and zero or more address options separated by ’,’.

The keyword specifies the address type (e.g., TCP4, OPEN, EXEC). For some keywords there exist synonyms (’-’ for STDIO, TCP for TCP4). Keywords are case insensitive. For a few special address types, the keyword may be omitted: Address specifications starting with a number are assumed to be FD (raw file descriptor) addresses; if a ’/’ is found before the first ’:’ or ’,’, GOPEN (generic file open) is assumed.

The required number and type of address parameters depend on the address type. E.g., TCP4 requires a server specification (name or address), and a port specification (number or service name).

Zero or more address options may be given with each address. They influence the address in some ways. Options consist of an option keyword or an option keyword and a value, separated by ’=’. Option keywords are case insensitive. For filtering the options that are useful with an address type, each option is member of one option group. For each address type there is a set of option groups allowed. Only options belonging to one of these address groups may be used (except with option -g).

Address specifications following the above schema are also called single address specifications. Two single addresses can be combined with "!!" to form a dual type address for one channel. Here, the first address is used by socat for reading data, and the second address for writing data. There is no way to specify an option only once for being applied to both single addresses.

Usually, addresses are opened in read/write mode. When an address is part of a dual address specification, or when option -u or -U is used, an address might be used only for reading or for writing. Considering this is important with some address types.

With socat version 1.5.0 and higher, the lexical analysis tries to handle quotes and parenthesis meaningfully and allows escaping of special characters. If one of the characters ( { [ ’ is found, the corresponding closing character - ) } ] ’ - is looked for; they may also be nested. Within these constructs, socats special characters and strings : , !! are not handled specially. All those characters and strings can be escaped with \ or within ""

ADDRESS TYPES

This section describes the available address types with their keywords, parameters, and semantics.
CREATE:<filename>

Opens <filename> with creat() and uses the file descriptor for writing. This is a write-only address because a file opened with creat cannot be read from. See options -u and -U, and dual addresses.
Flags like O_LARGEFILE cannot be applied. If you need them use OPEN with options create,create.
<filename> must be a valid existing or not existing path. If <filename> is a named pipe, creat() might block; if <filename> refers to a socket, this is an error.
Option groups: FD,REG,NAMED
Useful options: mode, user, group, unlink-early, unlink-late, append
See also: OPEN, GOPEN

DCCP-CONNECT:<host>:<port> (DCCP:<host>:<port>)

Establishes a DCCP connect to the specified <host> [IP address] and <port> [DCCP service] using IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,SCTP,CHILD,RETRY
Useful options: bind, connect-timeout, tos, dccp-set-ccid, nonblock, sourceport, retry, readbytes
See also: DCCP4-CONNECT, DCCP6-CONNECT, DCCP-LISTEN, TCP-CONNECT SCTP-CONNECT

DCCP4-CONNECT:<host>:<port> (DCCP4:<host>:<port>)

Like DCCP-CONNECT, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,DCCP,CHILD,RETRY

DCCP6-CONNECT:<host>:<port> (DCCP6:<host>:<port>)

Like DCCP-CONNECT, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,DCCP,CHILD,RETRY

DCCP-LISTEN:<port> (DCCP-L:<port>)

Listens on <port> [DCCP service] and accepts an DCCP connection. The IP version is 4 or the one specified with address option pf, socat option (-4, -6), or environment variable SOCAT_DEFAULT_LISTEN_IP. Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client connects.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,IP6,DCCP,RETRY
Useful options: fork, bind, range, max-children, backlog, accept-timeout, dccp-set-sid, su, reuseaddr, retry
See also: DCCP4-LISTEN, DCCP6-LISTEN, TCP-LISTEN, SCTP-LISTEN, DCCP-CONNECT

DCCP4-LISTEN:<port> (DCCP4-L:<port>)

Like DCCP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,DCCP,RETRY

DCCP6-LISTEN:<port> (DCCP6-L:<port>)

Like DCCP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP6,DCCP,RETRY

EXEC:<command-line>

Forks a sub process that establishes communication with its parent process and invokes the specified program with execvp() . <command-line> is a simple command with arguments separated by single spaces. If the program name contains a ’/’, the part after the last ’/’ is taken as ARGV[0]. If the program name is a relative path, the execvp() semantics for finding the program via $PATH apply. After successful program start, socat writes data to stdin of the process and reads from its stdout using a UNIX domain socket generated by socketpair() per default. (example)
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,EXEC,FORK,TERMIOS
Useful options: path, fdin, fdout, chroot, su, su-d, nofork, socktype, pty, stderr, ctty, setsid, pipes, umask, login, sigint, sigquit, netns
See also: SYSTEM,SHELL

FD:<fdnum>

Uses the file descriptor <fdnum>. It must already exist as valid UN*X file descriptor.
Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET)
See also: STDIO, STDIN, STDOUT, STDERR

GOPEN:<filename>

(Generic open) This address type tries to handle any file system entry except directories usefully. <filename> may be a relative or absolute path. If it already exists, its type is checked. In case of a UNIX domain socket, socat connects; if connecting fails, socat assumes a datagram socket and uses sendto() calls. If the entry is not a socket, socat opens it applying the O_APPEND flag. If it does not exist, it is opened with flag O_CREAT as a regular file (example).
Option groups: FD,REG,SOCKET,NAMED,OPEN
See also: OPEN, CREATE, UNIX-CONNECT

IP-SENDTO:<host>:<protocol>

Opens a raw IP socket. Depending on host specification or option pf, IP protocol version 4 or 6 is used. It uses <protocol> to send packets to <host> [IP address] and receives packets from host, ignores packets from other hosts. Protocol 255 uses the raw socket with the IP header being part of the data.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6
Useful options: pf, ttl
See also: IP4-SENDTO, IP6-SENDTO, IP-RECVFROM, IP-RECV, UDP-SENDTO, UNIX-SENDTO

INTERFACE:<interface>

Communicates with a network connected on an interface using raw packets including link level data. <interface> is the name of the network interface. Currently only available on Linux.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET
Useful options: pf, type
See also: ip-recv

IP4-SENDTO:<host>:<protocol>

Like IP-SENDTO, but always uses IPv4.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4

IP6-SENDTO:<host>:<protocol>

Like IP-SENDTO, but always uses IPv6.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6

IP-DATAGRAM:<address>:<protocol>

Sends outgoing data to the specified address which may in particular be a broadcast or multicast address. Packets arriving on the local socket are checked if their source addresses match RANGE or TCPWRAP options. This address type can for example be used for implementing symmetric or asymmetric broadcast or multicast communications.
Option groups: FD, SOCKET, IP4, IP6, RANGE
Useful options: bind, range, tcpwrap, broadcast, ip-multicast-loop, ip-multicast-ttl, ip-multicast-if, ip-add-membership, ip-add-source-membership, ipv6-join-group, ipv6-join-source-group, ttl, tos, pf
See also: IP4-DATAGRAM, IP6-DATAGRAM, IP-SENDTO, IP-RECVFROM, IP-RECV, UDP-DATAGRAM

IP4-DATAGRAM:<host>:<protocol>

Like IP-DATAGRAM, but always uses IPv4. (example)
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,RANGE

IP6-DATAGRAM:<host>:<protocol>

Like IP-DATAGRAM, but always uses IPv6. Please note that IPv6 does not know broadcasts.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,RANGE

IP-RECVFROM:<protocol>

Opens a raw IP socket of <protocol>. Depending on option pf, IP protocol version 4 or 6 is used. It receives one packet from an unspecified peer and may send one or more answer packets to that peer. This mode is particularly useful with fork option where each arriving packet - from arbitrary peers - is handled by its own sub process. This allows a behaviour similar to typical UDP based servers like ntpd or named.
Please note that the reply packets might be fetched as incoming traffic when sender and receiver IP address are identical because there is no port number to distinguish the sockets.
This address works well with IP-SENDTO address peers (see above). Protocol 255 uses the raw socket with the IP header being part of the data.
See the note about RECVFROM addresses.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,CHILD,RANGE
Useful options: pf, fork, range, ttl, broadcast
See also: IP4-RECVFROM, IP6-RECVFROM, IP-SENDTO, IP-RECV, UDP-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECVFROM

IP4-RECVFROM:<protocol>

Like IP-RECVFROM, but always uses IPv4.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,CHILD,RANGE

IP6-RECVFROM:<protocol>

Like IP-RECVFROM, but always uses IPv6.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,CHILD,RANGE

IP-RECV:<protocol>

Opens a raw IP socket of <protocol>. Depending on option pf, IP protocol version 4 or 6 is used. It receives packets from multiple unspecified peers and merges the data. No replies are possible, this is a read-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual addresses. It can be, e.g., addressed by socat IP-SENDTO address peers. Protocol 255 uses the raw socket with the IP header being part of the data.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,RANGE
Useful options: pf, range
See also: IP4-RECV, IP6-RECV, IP-SENDTO, IP-RECVFROM, UDP-RECV, UNIX-RECV

IP4-RECV:<protocol>

Like IP-RECV, but always uses IPv4.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,RANGE

IP6-RECV:<protocol>

Like IP-RECV, but always uses IPv6.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,RANGE

OPEN:<filename>

Opens <filename> using the open() system call (example). This operation fails on UNIX domain sockets.
Note: This address type is rarely useful in bidirectional mode.
Option groups: FD,REG,NAMED,OPEN
Useful options: creat, excl, noatime, nofollow, append, rdonly, wronly, lock, readbytes, ignoreeof
See also: CREATE, GOPEN, UNIX-CONNECT

OPENSSL:<host>:<port>

Tries to establish a SSL connection to <port> [TCP service] on <host> [IP address] using TCP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf.
NOTE: Up to version 1.7.2.4 the server certificate was only checked for validity against the system certificate store or cafile or capath, but not for match with the server’s name or its IP address. Since version 1.7.3.0 socat checks the peer certificate for match with the <host> parameter or the value of the openssl-commonname option. Socat tries to match it against the certificates subject commonName, and the certificates extension subjectAltName DNS names. Wildcards in the certificate are supported.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,OPENSSL,RETRY
Useful options: min-proto-version, cipher, verify, commonname, cafile, capath, certificate, key, compress, bind, pf, connect-timeout, sourceport, retry
See also: OPENSSL-LISTEN, TCP

OPENSSL-LISTEN:<port>

Listens on tcp <port> [TCP service]. The IP version is 4 or the one specified with pf. When a connection is accepted, this address behaves as SSL server.
Note: You probably want to use the certificate option with this address.
NOTE: The client certificate is only checked for validity against cafile or capath, but not for match with the client’s name or its IP address!
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,LISTEN,OPENSSL,CHILD,RANGE,RETRY
Useful options: pf, min-proto-version, cipher, verify, commonname, cafile, capath, certificate, key, compress, fork, bind, range, tcpwrap, su, reuseaddr, retry
See also: OPENSSL, TCP-LISTEN

OPENSSL-DTLS-CLIENT:<host>:<port>

Tries to establish a DTLS connection to <port> [UDP service] on <host> [IP address] using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf.
Socat checks the peer certificates subjectAltName or commonName against the addresses option openssl-commonname or the host name. Wildcards in the certificate are supported.
Use socat option -b to make datagrams small enough to fit with overhead on the network. Use option -T to prevent indefinite hanging when peer went down quietly.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,OPENSSL,RETRY
Useful options: min-proto-version, cipher, verify, commonname, cafile, capath, certificate, key, compress, bind, pf, sourceport, retry, rcvtimeo
See also: OPENSSL-DTLS-SERVER, OPENSSL-CONNECT, UDP-CONNECT

OPENSSL-DTLS-SERVER:<port>

Listens on UDP <port> [UDP service]. The IP version is 4 or the one specified with pf. When a connection is accepted, this address behaves as DTLS server.
Note: You probably want to use the certificate option with this address.
NOTE: The client certificate is only checked for validity against cafile or capath, but not for match with the client’s name or its IP address! Use socat option -b to make datagrams small enough to fit with overhead on the network. Use option -T to prevent indefinite hanging when peer went down quietly.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,LISTEN,OPENSSL,CHILD,RANGE,RETRY
Useful options: pf, min-proto-version, cipher, verify, commonname, cafile, capath, certificate, key, compress, fork, bind, range, tcpwrap, su, reuseaddr, retry
rcvtimeo
See also: OPENSSL-DTLS-CLIENT, OPENSSL-LISTEN, UDP-LISTEN

PIPE:<filename>

If <filename> already exists, it is opened. If it does not exist, a named pipe is created and opened. Beginning with socat version 1.4.3, the named pipe is removed when the address is closed (but see option unlink-close
Note: When a pipe is used for both reading and writing, it works as echo service.
Note: When a pipe is used for both reading and writing, and socat tries to write more bytes than the pipe can buffer (Linux 2.4: 2048 bytes), socat might block. Consider using socat option, e.g., -b 2048
Option groups: FD,NAMED,OPEN
Useful options: rdonly, nonblock, group, user, mode, unlink-early
See also: unnamed pipe

Note: When socat tries to write more bytes than the pipe can queue (Linux 2.4: 2048 bytes), socat might block. Consider, e.g., using option -b 2048
Option groups: FD
See also: named pipe, SOCKETPAIR

SOCKETPAIR

Creates a socketpair and uses it for reading and writing. It works as an echo, because everything written to it appeares immediately as read data. The default socket type is datagram, so it keeps packet boundaries.
Option groups: FD
Useful options: socktype
See also: unnamed pipe

POSIXMQ-READ:/<mqueue>

Opens the specified POSIX message queue and reads messages (packets). It keeps the boundaries.
This is a read-only address, see options -u and -U and dual addresses.
Socat provides this address type only on Linux because POSIX MQ is based on UNIX filedescriptors there.
This feature is new in version 1.8.0.0 and might change in the future, therefore it is experimental.
Useful options: posixmq-priority, unlink-early, unlink-close

POSIXMQ-RECEIVE:/<mqueue>
POSIXMQ-RECV:/<mqueue>

Opens the specified POSIX message queue and reads one message (packet).
This is a read-only address. See POSIXMQ-READ for more info.
Example: POSIX MQ recv with fork
This feature is experimental.
Useful options: posixmq-priority, fork, max-children, unlink-early, unlink-close

POSIXMQ-SEND:/<mqueue>

Opens the specified POSIX message queue and writes messages (packets).
This is a write-only address. See POSIXMQ-READ for more info.
(Example)
This feature is experimental.
Useful options: posixmq-priority, fork, max-children, unlink-early, unlink-close

POSIXMQ-BIDIRECTIONAL:/mqueue

Opens the specified POSIX message queue and writes and reads messages (packet). This is probably rarely useful but has been implemented for functional completeness.

PROXY:<proxy>:<hostname>:<port>

Connects to an HTTP proxy server on port 8080 using TCP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf, and sends a CONNECT request for hostname:port. If the proxy grants access and succeeds to connect to the target, data transfer between socat and the target can start (example). Note that the traffic need not be HTTP but can be an arbitrary protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,HTTP,RETRY
Useful options: proxyport, ignorecr, proxyauth, resolve, crnl, bind, connect-timeout, mss, sourceport, retry
See also: SOCKS, TCP

Option groups: FD,NAMED,PTY,TERMIOS
Useful options: link, openpty, wait-slave, mode, user, group
See also: UNIX-LISTEN, PIPE, EXEC, SYSTEM, SHELL

READLINE

lines (example).
You can use STDIO instead.

SCTP-CONNECT:<host>:<port>

Establishes an SCTP stream connection to the specified <host> [IP address] and <port> [TCP service] using IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,SCTP,CHILD,RETRY
Useful options: bind, pf, connect-timeout, tos, mtudiscover, sctp-maxseg, sctp-nodelay, nonblock, sourceport, retry, readbytes
See also: SCTP4-CONNECT, SCTP6-CONNECT, SCTP-LISTEN, TCP-CONNECT

SCTP4-CONNECT:<host>:<port>

Like SCTP-CONNECT, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,SCTP,CHILD,RETRY

SCTP6-CONNECT:<host>:<port>

Like SCTP-CONNECT, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,SCTP,CHILD,RETRY

SCTP-LISTEN:<port>

Listens on <port> [TCP service] and accepts an SCTP connection. The IP version is 4 or the one specified with address option pf, socat option (-4, -6), or environment variable SOCAT_DEFAULT_LISTEN_IP. Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client connects.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,IP6,SCTP,RETRY
Useful options: crnl, fork, bind, range, tcpwrap, pf, max-children, backlog, accept-timeout, sctp-maxseg, sctp-nodelay, su, reuseaddr, retry
See also: SCTP4-LISTEN, SCTP6-LISTEN, TCP-LISTEN, SCTP-CONNECT

SCTP4-LISTEN:<port>

Like SCTP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,SCTP,RETRY

SCTP6-LISTEN:<port>

Like SCTP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP6,SCTP,RETRY

SOCKET-CONNECT:<domain>:<protocol>:<remote-address>

Creates a stream socket using the first and second given socket parameters and SOCK_STREAM (see man socket(2)) and connects to the remote-address. The two socket parameters have to be specified by int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values. The remote-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len components.
Please note that you can - beyond the options of the specified groups - also use options of higher level protocols when you apply socat option -g.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,CHILD,RETRY
Useful options: bind, setsockopt,
See also: TCP, UDP-CONNECT, UNIX-CONNECT, SOCKET-LISTEN, SOCKET-SENDTO

SOCKET-DATAGRAM:<domain>:<type>:<protocol>:<remote-address>

Creates a datagram socket using the first three given socket parameters (see man socket(2)) and sends outgoing data to the remote-address. The three socket parameters have to be specified by int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values. The remote-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len components.
Please note that you can - beyond the options of the specified groups - also use options of higher level protocols when you apply socat option -g.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,RANGE
Useful options: bind, range, setsockopt,
See also: UDP-DATAGRAM, IP-DATAGRAM, SOCKET-SENDTO, SOCKET-RECV, SOCKET-RECVFROM

SOCKET-LISTEN:<domain>:<protocol>:<local-address>

Creates a stream socket using the first and second given socket parameters and SOCK_STREAM (see man socket(2)) and waits for incoming connections on local-address. The two socket parameters have to be specified by int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values. The local-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len components.
Please note that you can - beyond the options of the specified groups - also use options of higher level protocols when you apply socat option -g.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,RANGE,CHILD,RETRY
Useful options: setsockopt, setsockopt-listen,
See also: TCP, UDP-CONNECT, UNIX-CONNECT, SOCKET-LISTEN, SOCKET-SENDTO, SOCKET-SENDTO

SOCKET-RECV:<domain>:<type>:<protocol>:<local-address>

Creates a socket using the three given socket parameters (see man socket(2)) and binds it to <local-address>. Receives arriving data. The three parameters have to be specified by int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values. The local-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len components.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,RANGE
Useful options: range, setsockopt, setsockopt-listen
See also: UDP-RECV, IP-RECV, UNIX-RECV, SOCKET-DATAGRAM, SOCKET-SENDTO, SOCKET-RECVFROM

SOCKET-RECVFROM:<domain>:<type>:<protocol>:<local-address>

Creates a socket using the three given socket parameters (see man socket(2)) and binds it to <local-address>. Receives arriving data and sends replies back to the sender. The first three parameters have to be specified as int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values. The local-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len components.
See the note about RECVFROM addresses.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,CHILD,RANGE
Useful options: fork, range, setsockopt, setsockopt-listen
See also: UDP-RECVFROM, IP-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECVFROM, SOCKET-DATAGRAM, SOCKET-SENDTO, SOCKET-RECV

SOCKET-SENDTO:<domain>:<type>:<protocol>:<remote-address>

Creates a socket using the three given socket parameters (see man socket(2)). Sends outgoing data to the given address and receives replies. The three parameters have to be specified as int numbers. Consult your OS documentation and include files to find the appropriate values. The remote-address must be the data representation of a sockaddr structure without sa_family and (BSD) sa_len components.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET
Useful options: bind, setsockopt, setsockopt-listen
See also: UDP-SENDTO, IP-SENDTO, UNIX-SENDTO, SOCKET-DATAGRAM, SOCKET-RECV SOCKET-RECVFROM

ACCEPT-FD:<fdnum>

Expects a listening socket in <fdnum> and accepts one or (with option fork) more connections. This address type is useful under systemd control with "inetd mode".
Example: (example)
Option groups: FD, SOCKET, TCP, CHILD, RETRY
Useful options: fork, range, sourceport, lowport, tcpwrap

SOCKS4:<socks-server>:<host>:<port>

Connects via <socks-server> [IP address] to <host> [IPv4 address] on <port> [TCP service], using socks version 4 protocol over IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf (example).
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,SOCKS4,RETRY
Useful options: socksuser, socksport, sourceport, pf, retry
See also: SOCKS5, SOCKS4A, PROXY, TCP

SOCKS4A:<socks-server>:<host>:<port>

like SOCKS4, but uses socks protocol version 4a, thus leaving host name resolution to the socks server.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,SOCKS4,RETRY

SOCKS5-CONNECT:<socks-server>:<socks-port>:<target-host>:<target-port>

Connects via <socks-server> [IP address] to <target-host> [IPv4 address] on <target-port> [TCP service], using socks version 5 protocol over TCP. Currently no authentication mechanism is provided.
This address type is experimental.
Option groups: FD, SOCKET, IP4, IP6, TCP, CHILD, RETRY
Useful options: sourceport, pf, retry
See also: SOCKS5-LISTEN, SOCKS4, SOCKS4A, PROXY, TCP

SOCKS5-LISTEN:<socks-server>:<socks-port>:<listen-host>:<listen-port>

Connects to <socks-server> [IP address] using socks version 5 protocol over TCP and makes it listen for incoming connections on <listen-port> [TCP service], binding to <-listen-host> [IPv4 address] Currently not authentication mechanism is provided. This address type is experimental. Option groups: FD, SOCKET, IP4, IP6, TCP, CHILD, RETRY
Useful options: sourceport, pf, retry
See also: SOCKS5-CONNECT,

This is a write-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual addresses.
Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET)
See also: FD

This is a read-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual addresses.
Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET)
Useful options: readbytes
See also: FD

Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET)
Useful options: readbytes
See also: FD

This is a write-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual addresses.
Option groups: FD (TERMIOS,REG,SOCKET)
See also: FD

SHELL:<shell-command>

Forks a sub process that establishes communication with its parent process and invokes the specified program with the configured shell ($SHELL). Note that <shell-command> [string] must not contain ’,’ or "!!", and that shell meta characters may have to be protected. After successful program start, socat writes data to stdin of the process and reads from its stdout.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,EXEC,FORK,TERMIOS
Useful options: path, fdin, fdout, chroot, su, su-d, nofork, socktype, pty, stderr, ctty, setsid, pipes, umask, sigint, sigquit
See also: EXEC, SYSTEM

SYSTEM:<shell-command>

Forks a sub process that establishes communication with its parent process and invokes the specified program with system() . Please note that <shell-command> [string] must not contain ’,’ or "!!", and that shell meta characters may have to be protected. After successful program start, socat writes data to stdin of the process and reads from its stdout.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,EXEC,FORK,TERMIOS
Useful options: path, fdin, fdout, chroot, su, su-d, nofork, socktype, pty, stderr, ctty, setsid, pipes, umask, sigint, sigquit, netns
See also: EXEC, SHELL

TCP:<host>:<port>

Connects to <port> [TCP service] on <host> [IP address] using TCP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,TCP,RETRY
Useful options: connect-timeout, retry, sourceport, netns, crnl, bind, pf, tos, mtudiscover, mss, nodelay, nonblock, readbytes
See also: TCP4, TCP6, TCP-LISTEN, UDP, SCTP-CONNECT, UNIX-CONNECT

TCP4:<host>:<port>

Like TCP, but only supports IPv4 protocol (example).
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,TCP,RETRY

TCP6:<host>:<port>

Like TCP, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,TCP,RETRY

TCP-LISTEN:<port>

Listens on <port> [TCP service] and accepts a TCP/IP connection. The IP version is 4 or the one specified with address option pf, socat option (-4, -6), or environment variable SOCAT_DEFAULT_LISTEN_IP. Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client connects.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,IP6,TCP,RETRY
Useful options: crnl, fork, bind, range, tcpwrap, pf, max-children, backlog, accept-timeout, mss, su, reuseaddr, retry, cool-write
See also: TCP4-LISTEN, TCP6-LISTEN, UDP-LISTEN, SCTP-LISTEN, UNIX-LISTEN, OPENSSL-LISTEN, TCP-CONNECT

TCP4-LISTEN:<port>

Like TCP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv4 protocol (example).
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,TCP,RETRY

TCP6-LISTEN:<port>

Like TCP-LISTEN, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Additional useful option: ipv6only
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP6,TCP,RETRY

TUN[:<if-addr>/<bits>]

Creates a Linux TUN/TAP device and optionally assignes it the address and netmask given by the parameters. The resulting network interface is almost ready for use by other processes; socat serves its "wire side". This address requires read and write access to the tunnel cloning device, usually /dev/net/tun , as well as permission to set some ioctl()s. Option iff-up is required to immediately activate the interface!
Note: If you intend to transfer packets between two Socat "wire sides" you need a protocol that keeps packet boundaries, e.g.UDP; TCP might work with option nodelay.
Option groups: FD,NAMED,OPEN,TUN
Useful options: iff-up, tun-device, tun-name, tun-type, iff-no-pi, netns
See also: ip-recv

UDP:<host>:<port>

Connects to <port> [UDP service] on <host> [IP address] using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf.
Please note that, due to UDP protocol properties, no real connection is established; data has to be sent for ’connecting’ to the server, and no end-of-file condition can be transported.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6
Useful options: ttl, tos, bind, sourceport, pf
See also: UDP4, UDP6, UDP-LISTEN, TCP, IP

UDP4:<host>:<port>

Like UDP, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4

UDP6:<host>:<port>

Like UDP, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6

UDP-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port>

Sends outgoing data to the specified address which may in particular be a broadcast or multicast address. Packets arriving on the local socket are checked for the correct remote port only when option sourceport is used (this is a change with Socat version 1.7.4.0) and if their source addresses match RANGE or TCPWRAP options. This address type can for example be used for implementing symmetric or asymmetric broadcast or multicast communications.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,RANGE
Useful options: bind, range, tcpwrap, broadcast, ip-multicast-loop, ip-multicast-ttl, ip-multicast-if, ip-add-membership, ip-add-source-membership, ipv6-join-group, ipv6-join-source-group, ttl, tos, sourceport, pf
See also: UDP4-DATAGRAM, UDP6-DATAGRAM, UDP-SENDTO, UDP-RECVFROM, UDP-RECV, UDP-CONNECT, UDP-LISTEN, IP-DATAGRAM

UDP4-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port>

Like UDP-DATAGRAM, but only supports IPv4 protocol (example1, example2).
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4, RANGE

UDP6-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port>

Like UDP-DATAGRAM, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,RANGE

UDP-LISTEN:<port>

Waits for a UDP/IP packet arriving on <port> [UDP service] and ’connects’ back to sender. The accepted IP version is 4 or the one specified with option pf. Please note that, due to UDP protocol properties, no real connection is established; data has to arrive from the peer first, and no end-of-file condition can be transported. Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client connects.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4,IP6
Useful options: fork, bind, range, pf
See also: UDP, UDP4-LISTEN, UDP6-LISTEN, TCP-LISTEN

UDP4-LISTEN:<port>

Like UDP-LISTEN, but only support IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP4

UDP6-LISTEN:<port>

Like UDP-LISTEN, but only support IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RANGE,IP6

UDP-SENDTO:<host>:<port>

Communicates with the specified peer socket, defined by <port> [UDP service] on <host> [IP address], using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on address specification, name resolution, or option pf. It sends packets to and receives packets from that peer socket only. This address effectively implements a datagram client. It works well with socat UDP-RECVFROM and UDP-RECV address peers.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6
Useful options: ttl, tos, bind, sourceport, pf
See also: UDP4-SENDTO, UDP6-SENDTO, UDP-RECVFROM, UDP-RECV, UDP-CONNECT, UDP-LISTEN, IP-SENDTO

UDP4-SENDTO:<host>:<port>

Like UDP-SENDTO, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4

UDP6-SENDTO:<host>:<port>

Like UDP-SENDTO, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6

UDP-RECVFROM:<port>

Creates a UDP socket on <port> [UDP service] using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on option pf. It receives one packet from an unspecified peer and may send one or more answer packets to that peer. This mode is particularly useful with fork option where each arriving packet - from arbitrary peers - is handled by its own sub process. This allows a behaviour similar to typical UDP based servers like ntpd or named. This address works well with socat UDP-SENDTO address peers.
Note: When the second address fails before entering the transfer loop the packet is dropped. Use option retry or forever on the second address to avoid data loss.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,CHILD,RANGE
Useful options: fork, ttl, tos, bind, sourceport, pf
See also: UDP4-RECVFROM, UDP6-RECVFROM, UDP-SENDTO, UDP-RECV, UDP-CONNECT, UDP-LISTEN, IP-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECVFROM

UDP4-RECVFROM:<port>

Like UDP-RECVFROM, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,CHILD,RANGE

UDP6-RECVFROM:<port>

Like UDP-RECVFROM, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,CHILD,RANGE

UDP-RECV:<port>

Creates a UDP socket on <port> [UDP service] using UDP/IP version 4 or 6 depending on option pf. It receives packets from multiple unspecified peers and merges the data. No replies are possible. It works well with, e.g., socat UDP-SENDTO address peers; it behaves similar to a syslog server.
This is a read-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual addresses.
Note: if you need the fork option, use UDP-RECVFROM in unidirectional mode (with option -u) instead.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,IP6,RANGE
Useful options: pf, bind, sourceport, ttl, tos
See also: UDP4-RECV, UDP6-RECV, UDP-SENDTO, UDP-RECVFROM, UDP-CONNECT, UDP-LISTEN, IP-RECV, UNIX-RECV

UDP4-RECV:<port>

Like UDP-RECV, but only supports IPv4 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP4,RANGE

UDP6-RECV:<port>

Like UDP-RECV, but only supports IPv6 protocol.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,IP6,RANGE

UDPLITE-CONNECT:<host>:<port>
UDPLITE4-CONNECT:<host>:<port>
UDPLITE6-CONNECT:<host>:<port>
UDPLITE-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port>
UDPLITE4-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port>
UDPLITE6-DATAGRAM:<address>:<port>
UDPLITE-LISTEN:<port>
UDPLITE4-LISTEN:<port>
UDPLITE6-LISTEN:<port>
UDPLITE-SENDTO:<host>:<port>
UDPLITE4-SENDTO:<host>:<port>
UDPLITE6-SENDTO:<host>:<port>
UDPLITE-RECVFROM:<port>
UDPLITE4-RECVFROM:<port>
UDPLITE6-RECVFROM:<port>
UDPLITE-RECV:<port>
UDPLITE4-RECV:<port>
UDPLITE6-RECV:<port>

The UDPLITE addresses are almost identical to the related UDP addresses but they use UDP-Lite protocol and have the additional UDPLITE option group.

UNIX-CONNECT:<filename>

Connects to <filename> assuming it is a UNIX domain socket. If <filename> does not exist, this is an error; if <filename> is not a UNIX domain socket, this is an error; if <filename> is a UNIX domain socket, but no process is listening, this is an error.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,RETRY,UNIX
) Useful options: bind
See also: UNIX-LISTEN, UNIX-SENDTO, TCP

UNIX-LISTEN:<filename>

Listens on <filename> using a UNIX domain stream socket and accepts a connection. If <filename> exists and is not a socket, this is an error. If <filename> exists and is a UNIX domain socket, binding to the address fails (use option unlink-early!). Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client connects. Beginning with socat version 1.4.3, the file system entry is removed when this address is closed (but see option unlink-close) (example).
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,LISTEN,CHILD,RETRY,UNIX
Useful options: fork, umask, mode, user, group, unlink-early
See also: UNIX-CONNECT, UNIX-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECV, TCP-LISTEN

UNIX-SENDTO:<filename>

Communicates with the specified peer socket, defined by [<filename>] assuming it is a UNIX domain datagram socket. It sends packets to and receives packets from that peer socket only. Please note that it might be necessary to bind the local socket to an address (e.g. /tmp/sock1, which must not exist before). This address type works well with socat UNIX-RECVFROM and UNIX-RECV address peers.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,UNIX
Useful options: bind
See also: UNIX-RECVFROM, UNIX-RECV, UNIX-CONNECT, UDP-SENDTO, IP-SENDTO

UNIX-RECVFROM:<filename>

Creates a UNIX domain datagram socket [<filename>]. Receives one packet and may send one or more answer packets to that peer. This mode is particularly useful with fork option where each arriving packet - from arbitrary peers - is handled by its own sub process. This address works well with socat UNIX-SENDTO address peers.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,CHILD,UNIX
See the note about RECVFROM addresses.
Useful options: fork
umask
See also: UNIX-SENDTO, UNIX-RECV, UNIX-LISTEN, UDP-RECVFROM, IP-RECVFROM

UNIX-RECV:<filename>

Creates a UNIX domain datagram socket [<filename>]. Receives packets from multiple unspecified peers and merges the data. No replies are possible, this is a read-only address, see options -u and -U, and dual addresses. It can be, e.g., addressed by socat UNIX-SENDTO address peers. It behaves similar to a syslog server.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,UNIX
Useful options: umask
See also: UNIX-SENDTO, UNIX-RECVFROM, UNIX-LISTEN, UDP-RECV, IP-RECV

UNIX-CLIENT:<filename>

Communicates with the specified peer socket, defined by [<filename>] assuming it is a UNIX domain socket. It first tries to connect and, if that fails, assumes it is a datagram socket, thus supporting both types.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,NAMED,UNIX
Useful options: bind
See also: UNIX-CONNECT, UNIX-SENDTO, GOPEN

VSOCK-CONNECT:<cid>:<port>

Establishes a VSOCK stream connection to the specified <cid> [VSOCK cid] and <port> [VSOCK port].
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,CHILD,RETRY
Useful options: bind, connect-timeout, retry, readbytes
See also: VSOCK-LISTEN,

VSOCK-LISTEN:<port>

Listens on <port> [VSOCK port] and accepts a VSOCK connection. Note that opening this address usually blocks until a client connects.
Option groups: FD,SOCKET,LISTEN,CHILD,RETRY
Useful options: fork, bind, max-children, backlog, su, reuseaddr, retry
See also: VSOCK-CONNECT

ABSTRACT-CONNECT:<string>
ABSTRACT-LISTEN:<string>
ABSTRACT-SENDTO:<string>
ABSTRACT-RECVFROM:<string>
ABSTRACT-RECV:<string>
ABSTRACT-CLIENT:<string>

The ABSTRACT addresses are almost identical to the related UNIX addresses except that they do not address file system based sockets but an alternate UNIX domain address space. To achieve this the socket address strings are prefixed with "\0" internally. This feature is available (only?) on Linux. Option groups are the same as with the related UNIX addresses, except that the ABSTRACT addresses are not member of the NAMED group.
Useful options: netns

ADDRESS OPTIONS

Address options can be applied to address specifications to influence the process of opening the addresses and the properties of the resulting data channels.

For technical reasons not every option can be applied to every address type; e.g., applying a socket option to a regular file will fail. To catch most useless combinations as early as in the open phase, the concept of option groups was introduced. Each option belongs to one or more option groups. Options can be used only with address types that support at least one of their option groups (but see option -g).

Address options have data types that their values must conform to. Every address option consists of just a keyword or a keyword followed by "=value", where value must conform to the options type. Some address options manipulate parameters of system calls; e.g., option sync sets the O_SYNC flag with the open() call. Other options cause a system or library call; e.g., with option ’ttl=value’ the setsockopt(fd, SOL_IP, IP_TTL, value, sizeof(int)) call is applied. Other options set internal socat variables that are used during data transfer; e.g., ’crnl’ causes explicit character conversions. A few options have more complex implementations; e.g., su-d (substuser-delayed) inquires some user and group infos, stores them, and applies them later after a possible chroot() call.

If multiple options are given to an address, their sequence in the address specification has (almost) no effect on the sequence of their execution/application. Instead, socat has built in an option phase model that tries to bring the options in a useful order. Some options exist in different forms (e.g., unlink, unlink-early, unlink-late) to control the time of their execution.

If the same option is specified more than once within one address specification, with equal or different values, the effect depends on the kind of option. Options resulting in function calls like setsockopt() cause multiple invocations. With options that set parameters for a required call like open() or set internal flags, the value of the last option occurrence is effective.

The existence or semantics of many options are system dependent. Socat usually does NOT try to emulate missing libc or kernel features, it just provides an interface to the underlying system. So, if an operating system lacks a feature, the related option is simply not available on this platform.

The following paragraphs introduce just the more common address options. For a more comprehensive reference and to find information about canonical option names, alias names, option phases, and platforms see file xio.help.

FD option group

This option group contains options that are applied to a UN*X style file descriptor, no matter how it was generated. Because all current socat address types are file descriptor based, these options may be applied to any address.
Note: Some of these options are also member of another option group, that provides another, non-fd based mechanism. For these options, it depends on the actual address type and its option groups which mechanism is used. The second, non-fd based mechanism is prioritized.
cloexec[=<bool>]

Sets the FD_CLOEXEC flag with the fcntl() system call to value <bool>. If set, the file descriptor is closed on exec() family function calls. Socat internally handles this flag for the fds it controls, so in most cases there will be no need to apply this option.

setlk[=<bool>]

Tries to set a discretionary write lock to the whole file using the fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, ...) system call. If the file is already locked, this call results in an error. On Linux, when the file permissions for group are "S" (g-x,g+s), and the file system is locally mounted with the "mand" option, the lock is mandatory, i.e. prevents other processes from opening the file.

setlkw[=<bool>]

Tries to set a discretionary waiting write lock to the whole file using the fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, ...) system call. If the file is already locked, this call blocks. See option setlk for information about making this lock mandatory.

setlk-rd[=<bool>]

Tries to set a discretionary read lock to the whole file using the fcntl(fd, F_SETLK, ...) system call. If the file is already write locked, this call results in an error. See option setlk for information about making this lock mandatory.

setlkw-rd[=<bool>]

Tries to set a discretionary waiting read lock to the whole file using the fcntl(fd, F_SETLKW, ...) system call. If the file is already write locked, this call blocks. See option setlk for information about making this lock mandatory.

flock-ex[=<bool>]

Tries to set a blocking exclusive advisory lock to the file using the flock(fd, LOCK_EX) system call. Socat hangs in this call if the file is locked by another process.

flock-ex-nb[=<bool>]

Tries to set a nonblocking exclusive advisory lock to the file using the flock(fd, LOCK_EX|LOCK_NB) system call. If the file is already locked, this option results in an error.

flock-sh[=<bool>]

Tries to set a blocking shared advisory lock to the file using the flock(fd, LOCK_SH) system call. Socat hangs in this call if the file is locked by another process.

flock-sh-nb[=<bool>]

Tries to set a nonblocking shared advisory lock to the file using the flock(fd, LOCK_SH|LOCK_NB) system call. If the file is already locked, this option results in an error.

lock[=<bool>]

Sets a blocking lock on the file. Uses the setlk or flock mechanism depending on availability on the particular platform. If both are available, the POSIX variant (setlkw) is used.

user=<user>

Sets the <user> (owner) of the stream. If the address is member of the NAMED option group, socat uses the chown() system call after opening the file or binding to the UNIX domain socket (race condition!). Without filesystem entry, socat sets the user of the stream using the fchown() system call. These calls might require root privilege.

user-late=<user>

Sets the owner of the fd to <user> with the fchown() system call after opening or connecting the channel. This is useful only on file system entries.

group=<group>

Sets the <group> of the stream. If the address is member of the NAMED option group, socat uses the chown() system call after opening the file or binding to the UNIX domain socket (race condition!). Without filesystem entry, socat sets the group of the stream with the fchown() system call. These calls might require group membership or root privilege.

group-late=<group>

Sets the group of the fd to <group> with the fchown() system call after opening or connecting the channel. This is useful only on file system entries.

mode=<mode>

Sets the <mode> [mode_t] (permissions) of the stream. If the address is member of the NAMED option group and uses the open() or creat() call, the mode is applied with these. If the address is member of the NAMED option group without using these system calls, socat uses the chmod() system call after opening the filesystem entry or binding to the UNIX domain socket (race condition!). Otherwise, socat sets the mode of the stream using fchmod() . These calls might require ownership or root privilege.

perm-late=<mode>

Sets the permissions of the fd to value <mode> [mode_t] using the fchmod() system call after opening or connecting the channel. This is useful only on file system entries.

append[=<bool>]

Always writes data to the actual end of file. If the address is member of the OPEN option group, socat uses the O_APPEND flag with the open() system call (example). Otherwise, socat applies the fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_APPEND) call.

nonblock[=<bool>]

Tries to open or use file in nonblocking mode. Its only effects are that the connect() call of TCP addresses does not block, and that opening a named pipe for reading does not block. If the address is member of the OPEN option group, socat uses the O_NONBLOCK flag with the open() system call. Otherwise, socat applies the fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK) call.

binary[=<bool>]

Opens the file in binary mode to avoid implicit line terminator conversions (Cygwin).

text[=<bool>]

Opens the file in text mode to force implicit line terminator conversions (Cygwin).

noinherit[=<bool>]

Does not keep this file open in a spawned process (Cygwin).

cool-write[=<bool>]

Takes it easy when write fails with EPIPE or ECONNRESET and logs the message with notice level instead of error. This prevents the log file from being filled with useless error messages when socat is used as a high volume server or proxy where clients often abort the connection. Use this option only with option fork because otherwise it might cause socat to exit with code 0 even on failure.
This option is deprecated, consider using option children-shutup instead.

end-close[=<bool>]

Changes the (address dependent) method of ending a connection to just close the file descriptors. This is useful when the connection is to be reused by or shared with other processes (example).
Normally, socket connections will be ended with shutdown(2) which terminates the socket even if it is shared by multiple processes. close(2) "unlinks" the socket from the process but keeps it active as long as there are still links from other processes.
Similarly, when an address of type EXEC or SYSTEM is ended, socat usually will explicitly kill the sub process. With this option, it will just close the file descriptors.

shut-none[=<bool>]

Changes the (address dependent) method of shutting down the write part of a connection to not do anything.

shut-down[=<bool>]

Changes the (address dependent) method of shutting down the write part of a connection to shutdown(fd, SHUT_WR). Is only useful with sockets.

shut-close[=<bool>]

Changes the (address dependent) method of shutting down the write part of a connection to close(fd).

shut-null[=<bool>]

When one address indicates EOF, socat will send a zero sized packet to the write channel of the other address to transfer the EOF condition. This is useful with UDP and other datagram protocols. Has been tested against netcat and socat with option null-eof.

null-eof[=<bool>]

Normally socat will ignore empty (zero size payload) packets arriving on datagram sockets, so it survives port scans. With this option socat interprets empty datagram packets as EOF indicator (see shut-null).

ioctl-void=<request>

Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and NULL as third argument. This option allows utilizing ioctls that are not explicitly implemented in socat.

ioctl-int=<request>:<value>

Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and the integer value as third argument.

ioctl-intp=<request>:<value>

Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and a pointer to the integer value as third argument.

ioctl-bin=<request>:<value>

Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and a pointer to the given data value as third argument. This data must be specified in <dalan> form.

ioctl-string=<request>:<value>

Calls ioctl() with the request value as second argument and a pointer to the given string as third argument. <dalan> form.

NAMED option group

These options work on file system entries.
Please note that, with UNIX domain client addresses, this means the bind entry, not the target/peer entry.
See also options user, group, and mode.
user-early=<user>

Changes the <user> (owner) of the file system entry before accessing it, using the chown() system call. This call might require root privilege.

group-early=<group>

Changes the <group> of the file system entry before accessing it, using the chown() system call. This call might require group membership or root privilege.

perm-early=<mode>

Changes the <mode> [mode_t] of the file system entry before accessing it, using the chmod() system call. This call might require ownership or root privilege.

unlink-early[=<bool>]

Unlinks (removes) the file before opening it and even before applying user-early etc.

unlink[=<bool>]

Unlinks (removes) the file before accessing it, but after user-early etc.

unlink-late[=<bool>]

Unlinks (removes) the file after opening it to make it inaccessible for other processes after a short race condition.

unlink-close[=<bool>]

Controls removal of the addresses file system entry when closing the address. For named pipes, UNIX domain sockets, and the symbolic links of pty addresses, the default is remove (1); for created files, opened files, and generic opened files the default is keep (0). Setting this option to 1 removes the entry, 0 keeps it. No value means 1.

OPEN option group

The OPEN group options allow setting flags with the open() system call. E.g., option ’creat’ sets the O_CREAT flag. When the used address does not use open() (e.g.STDIO), the fcntl(..., F_SETFL, ...) call is used instead.
See also options append and nonblock.
creat[=<bool>]

Creates the file if it does not exist (example).

dsync[=<bool>]

Blocks write() calls until metainfo is physically written to media.

excl[=<bool>]

With option creat, if file exists this is an error.

largefile[=<bool>]

On 32 bit systems, allows a file larger than 2^31 bytes.

noatime[=<bool>]

Sets the O_NOATIME options, so reads do not change the access timestamp.

noctty[=<bool>]

Does not make this file the controlling terminal.

nofollow[=<bool>]

Does not follow symbolic links.

nshare[=<bool>]

Does not allow sharing this file with other processes.

rshare[=<bool>]

Does not allow other processes to open this file for writing.

rsync[=<bool>]

Blocks write() until metainfo is physically written to media.

sync[=<bool>]

Blocks write() until data is physically written to media.

rdonly[=<bool>]

Opens the file for reading only.

wronly[=<bool>]

Opens the file for writing only.

trunc[=<bool>]

Truncates the file to size 0 during opening it.

REG and BLK option group

These options are usually applied to a UN*X file descriptor, but their semantics make sense only on a file supporting random access.
seek=<offset>

Applies the lseek(fd, <offset>, SEEK_SET) (or lseek64 ) system call, thus positioning the file pointer absolutely to <offset> [off_t or off64_t]. Please note that a missing value defaults to 1, not 0.

seek-cur=<offset>

Applies the lseek(fd, <offset>, SEEK_CUR) (or lseek64 ) system call, thus positioning the file pointer <offset> [off_t or off64_t] bytes relatively to its current position (which is usually 0). Please note that a missing value defaults to 1, not 0.

seek-end=<offset>

Applies the lseek(fd, <offset>, SEEK_END) (or lseek64 ) system call, thus positioning the file pointer <offset> [off_t or off64_t] bytes relatively to the files current end. Please note that a missing value defaults to 1, not 0.

ftruncate=<offset>

Applies the ftruncate(fd, <offset>) (or ftruncate64 if available) system call, thus truncating the file at the position <offset> [off_t or off64_t]. Please note that a missing value defaults to 1, not 0.

secrm[=<bool>]
unrm[=<bool>]
compr[=<bool>]
fs-sync[=<bool>]
immutable[=<bool>]
fs-append[=<bool>]
nodump[=<bool>]
fs-noatime[=<bool>]
journal-data[=<bool>]
notail[=<bool>]
dirsync[=<bool>]

These options change non standard file attributes on operating systems and file systems that support these features, like Linux with ext2fs and successors, xfs, or reiserfs. See man 1 chattr for information on these options. Please note that there might be a race condition between creating the file and applying these options.

PIPE options

These options may be applied to pipes (fifos).
f-setpipe-sz=<int>
setpipe=<int>

Set the number of bytes a pipe can buffer. Where more bytes are written the writing process might block. When more bytes are written in a single write() the writing process blocks and might never recover.

General address options

These options may be applied to all address types. They change some process properties that are restored after opening the address.
chdir=<filename>
cd=<filename>

Changes the working directory. After opening the address the master process changes back to the original working directory. Sub processes inherit the temporary setting.

umask=<mode>

Sets the umask of the process to <mode> [mode_t] before opening the address. Useful when file system entries are created or a shell or program is invoked. Usually the value is specified as octal number.
The processes umask value is inherited by child processes. Note: umask is an inverted value: creating a file with umask=0026 results in permissions 0640.

PROCESS option group

Options of this group change the process properties instead of just affecting one data channel. For EXEC and SYSTEM addresses and for LISTEN and CONNECT type addresses with option fork, these options apply to the child processes instead of the main socat process.
chroot=<directory>

Performs a chroot() operation to <directory> after processing the address (example). This call might require root privilege.

chroot-early=<directory>

Performs a chroot() operation to <directory> before opening the address. This call might require root privilege.

setgid=<group>

Changes the primary <group> of the process after processing the address. This call might require root privilege. Please note that this option does not drop other group related privileges.

setgid-early=<group>

Like setgit but is performed before opening the address.

setuid=<user>

Changes the <user> (owner) of the process after processing the address. This call might require root privilege. Please note that this option does not drop group related privileges. Check if option su better fits your needs.

setuid-early=<user>

Like setuid but is performed before opening the address.

su=<user>

Changes the <user> (owner) and groups of the process after processing the address (example). This call might require root privilege.

su-d=<user>

Short name for substuser-delayed. Changes the <user> (owner) and groups of the process after processing the address (example). The user and his groups are retrieved before a possible chroot() . This call might require root privilege.

setpgid=<pid_t>

Makes the process a member of the specified process group <pid_t>. If no value is given, or if the value is 0 or 1, the process becomes leader of a new process group.

netns=<net-namespace-name>

Before opening the address it tries to switch to the named network namespace. After opening the address it switches back to the previous namespace. (Example with TCP forwarder, example with virtual network connection.
Only on Linux; requires root; use option --experimental.

READLINE option group

Due to licensing restrictions the readline feature is disabled in Debian (see BUGS).
These options apply to the readline address type.
history=<filename>

Reads and writes history from/to <filename> (example).

noprompt

Since version 1.4.0, socat per default tries to determine a prompt - that is then passed to the readline call - by remembering the last incomplete line of the output. With this option, socat does not pass a prompt to readline, so it begins line editing in the first column of the terminal.

noecho=<pattern>

Specifies a regular pattern for a prompt that prevents the following input line from being displayed on the screen and from being added to the history. The prompt is defined as the text that was output to the readline address after the lastest newline character and before an input character was typed. The pattern is a regular expression, e.g. "^[Pp]assword:.*$" or "([Uu]ser:|[Pp]assword:)". See regex(7) for details. (example)

prompt=<string>

Passes the string as prompt to the readline function. readline prints this prompt when stepping through the history. If this string matches a constant prompt issued by an interactive program on the other socat address, consistent look and feel can be achieved.

APPLICATION option group

This group contains options that work at data level. Note that these options only apply to the "raw" data transferred by socat, but not to protocol data used by addresses like PROXY.

ignoreeof

When EOF occurs on this channel, socat ignores it and tries to read more data (like "tail -f") (example).

readbytes=<bytes>

socat reads only so many bytes from this address (the address provides only so many bytes for transfer and pretends to be at EOF afterwards). Must be greater than 0.

lockfile=<filename>

If lockfile exists, exits with error. If lockfile does not exist, creates it and continues, unlinks lockfile on exit.

waitlock=<filename>

If lockfile exists, waits until it disappears. When lockfile does not exist, creates it and continues, unlinks lockfile on exit.

escape=<int>

Specifies the numeric code of a character that triggers EOF on the input stream. It is useful with a terminal in raw mode (example).

SOCKET option group

These options are intended for all kinds of sockets, e.g. IP or UNIX domain. Most are applied with a setsockopt() call.
bind=<sockname>

Binds the socket to the given socket address using the bind() system call. The form of <sockname> is socket domain dependent: IP4 and IP6 allow the form [hostname|hostaddress][:(service|port)] (example), VSOCK allows the form [cid][:(port)].
See also: unix-bind-tempname

connect-timeout=<seconds>

Abort the connection attempt after <seconds> [timeval] with error status.

so-bindtodevice=<interface>

Binds the socket to the given <interface>. This option might require root privilege.

broadcast

For datagram sockets, allows sending to broadcast addresses and receiving packets addressed to broadcast addresses.

dontroute

Only communicates with directly connected peers, does not use routers.

keepalive

Enables sending keepalives on the socket.

linger=<seconds>

Blocks shutdown() or close() until data transfers have finished or the given timeout [int] expired.

oobinline

Places out-of-band data in the input data stream.

priority=<priority>

Sets the protocol defined <priority> [<int>] for outgoing packets.

rcvbuf=<bytes>

Sets the size of the receive buffer after the socket() call to <bytes> [int]. With TCP sockets, this value corresponds to the socket’s maximal window size.

rcvbuf-late=<bytes>

Sets the size of the receive buffer when the socket is already connected to <bytes> [int]. With TCP sockets, this value corresponds to the socket’s maximal window size.

so-rcvtimeo=<time>, rcvtimeo=<time>

Specifies the time [int] until recv() , read() etc. functions timeout when no data is received. Note that in the transfer phase socat only calls these functions when select() has reported that data is available. However this option is useful with DTLS addresses to timeout during connection negotiation.

so-sndtimeo=<time>, sndtimeo=<time>

Like so-recvtimeo, but for send . Not usecase known.

rcvlowat=<bytes>

Specifies the minimum number of received bytes [int] until the socket layer will pass the buffered data to socat.

reuseaddr[=[0|1]]

Allows other sockets to bind to an address even if parts of it (e.g. the local port) are already in use by socat.
With version 1.8.0, this socket option is set automatically for TCP LISTEN addresses. If you prefer the system default (no related setsockopt(...SO_REUSEADDR...) call at all), use form reuseaddr=.
(example).

sndbuf=<bytes>

Sets the size of the send buffer after the socket() call to <bytes> [int].

sndbuf-late=<bytes>

Sets the size of the send buffer when the socket is connected to <bytes> [int].

sndlowat=<bytes>

Specifies the minimum number of bytes in the send buffer until the socket layer will send the data to <bytes> [int].

pf=<string>

Forces the use of the specified IP version or protocol. <string> can be something like "ip4" or "ip6". The resulting value is used as first argument to the socket() or socketpair() calls. This option affects address resolution and the required syntax of bind and range options.

socktype=<type>

Sets the type of the socket, specified as second argument to the socket() or socketpair() calls, to <type> [int]. Address resolution is not affected by this option. Under Linux, 1 means stream oriented socket, 2 means datagram socket, 3 means raw socket, and 5 seqpacket (stream keeping packet boundaries). Datagrams are useful when you want to keep packet boundaries.

protocol

Sets the protocol of the socket, specified as third argument to the socket() or socketpair() calls, to <protocol> [int]. Address resolution is not affected by this option. 6 means TCP, 17 means UDP.

reuseport

Set the SO_REUSEPORT socket option.

so-timestamp

Sets the SO_TIMESTAMP socket option. This enables receiving and logging of timestamp ancillary messages.

setsockopt=<level>:<optname>:<optval>

Invokes setsockopt() for the socket with the given parameters. level [int] is used as second argument to setsockopt() and specifies the layer, e.g. SOL_TCP for TCP (6 on Linux), or SOL_SOCKET for the socket layer (1 on Linux). optname [int] is the third argument to setsockopt() and tells which socket option is to be set. For the actual numbers you might have to look up the appropriate include files of your system. For the 4th and 5th setsockopt() parameters, value [dalan] specifies an arbitrary sequence of bytes that are passed to the function per pointer, with the automatically derived length parameter.

setsockopt-int=<level>:<optname>:<optval>

Like setsockopt, but <optval> is a pointer to int [int]

setsockopt-listen=<level>:<optname>:<optval>

Like setsockopt, but for listen type addresses it is applied to the listening socket instead of the connected socket.

setsockopt-string=<level>:<optname>:<optval>

Like setsockopt, but <optval> is a string. This string is passed to the function with trailing null character, and the length parameter is automatically derived from the data.

UNIX option group

These options apply to UNIX domain based addresses.
bind-tempname[=/tmp/pre-XXXXXX],

unix-bind-tempname[=/tmp/pre-XXXXXX]" Binds to a random path or random address (on abstract namespace sockets). This is useful with datagram client addresses (SENDTO, or CLIENT) that are opened in child processes forked off from a common parent process where the child processes cannot have different bind options. In the path X ’s get replaced with a random character sequence similar to tempnam(3). When no argument is given socat takes a default like /tmp/fileXXXXXX .

unix-tightsocklen[=(0|1)]

On socket operations, pass a socket address length that does not include the whole struct sockaddr_un record but (besides other components) only the relevant part of the filename or abstract string. Default is 1.

IP4 and IP6 option groups

These options can be used with IPv4 and IPv6 based sockets.
tos=<tos>

Sets the TOS (type of service) field of outgoing packets to <tos> [byte] (see RFC 791).

ttl=<ttl>

Sets the TTL (time to live) field of outgoing packets to <ttl> [byte].

ip-options=<data>

Sets IP options like source routing. Must be given in binary form, recommended format is a leading "x" followed by an even number of hex digits. This option may be used multiple times, data are appended. E.g., to connect to host 10.0.0.1 via some gateway using a loose source route, use the gateway as address parameter and set a loose source route using the option ip-options=x8307040a000001 .
IP options are defined in RFC 791.

mtudiscover=<0|1|2>

Takes 0, 1, 2 to never, want, or always use path MTU discover on this socket.

ip-pktinfo

Sets the IP_PKTINFO socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing destination address and interface (Linux) (example).

ip-recverr

Sets the IP_RECVERR socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing detailed error information.

ip-recvopts

Sets the IP_RECVOPTS socket option. This enables receiving and logging of IP options ancillary messages (Linux, *BSD).

ip-recvtos

Sets the IP_RECVTOS socket option. This enables receiving and logging of TOS (type of service) ancillary messages (Linux).

ip-recvttl

Sets the IP_RECVTTL socket option. This enables receiving and logging of TTL (time to live) ancillary messages (Linux, *BSD).

ip-recvdstaddr

Sets the IP_RECVDSTADDR socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing destination address (*BSD) (example).

ip-recvif

Sets the IP_RECVIF socket option. This enables receiving and logging of interface ancillary messages (*BSD) (example).

ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-address>
ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-name>
ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-index>
ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-address:interface-name>
ip-add-membership=<multicast-address:interface-address:interface-index>

Makes the socket member of the specified multicast group. This only works for IPv4, see ipv6-join-group for the IPv6 variant. The option takes the IP address of the multicast group and info about the desired network interface. The most common syntax is the first one, while the others are only available on systems that provide struct mreqn (Linux).
The indices of active network interfaces can be shown using the utility procan.

ip-add-source-membership=<multicast-address:interface-address:source-address>

Makes the socket member of the specified multicast group for the specified source, i.e. only multicast traffic from this address is to be delivered. This only works for IPv4, see ipv6-join-source-group for the IPv6 variant. The option takes the IP address of the multicast group, the IP address of the desired network interface and the source IP address of the multicast traffic.

ipv6-join-group=<multicast-address:interface-name>
ipv6-join-group=<multicast-address:interface-index>

Makes the socket member of the specified multicast group. This only works for IPv6, see ip-add-membership for the IPv4 variant. The option takes the IP address of the multicast group and info about the desired network interface. The indices of active network interfaces can be shown using the utility procan.

ipv6-join-source-group=<multicast-address:interface-name:source-address>
ipv6-join-source-group=<multicast-address:interface-index:source-address>

Makes the socket member of the specified multicast group for the specified source, i.e. only multicast traffic from this address is to be delivered. This only works for IPv6, see ip-add-source-membership for the IPv4 variant. The option takes the IP address of the multicast group, info about the desired network interface and the source IP address of the multicast traffic. The indices of active network interfaces can be shown using the utility procan.

ip-multicast-if=<hostname>

Specifies hostname or address of the network interface to be used for multicast traffic.

ip-multicast-loop[=<bool>]

Specifies if outgoing multicast traffic should loop back to the interface.

ip-multicast-ttl=<byte>

Sets the TTL used for outgoing multicast traffic. Default is 1.

ip-transparent

Sets the IP_TRANSPARENT socket option. This option might require root privilege.

Resolver options

These options temporarily change the behaviour of hostname resolution. The options of form ai-* affect behaviour of the getaddrinfo() function that includes /etc/hosts and NIS based lookups.

The addresses of form res-* only affect DNS lookups, and only when the result is not cached in nscd . These options might not work on all operating systems or libc implementations.
ai-addrconfig[=0|1]
addrconfig[=0|1]

Sets or unsets the AI_ADDRCONFIG flag to prevent name resolution to address families that are not available on the computer (e.g. IPv6). Default value is 1 in case the resolver does not get an address family hint from Socat address or defaults.

ai-passive[=0|1]
passive[=0|1]

Sets of unsets the AI_PASSIVE flag for getaddrinfo() calls. Default is 1 for LISTEN, RECV, and RECVFROM type addresses, and with bind option.

ai-v4mapped[=0|1]
v4mapped[=0|1]

Sets or unsets the AI_V4MAPPED flag for getaddrinfo() . With socat addresses requiring IPv6 addresses, this resolves IPv4 addresses to the approriate IPv6 address [::ffff:*:*]. For IPv6 Socat addresses, the default is 1.

res-debug
res-aaonly
res-usevc
res-primary
res-igntc
res-recurse
res-defnames
res-stayopen
res-dnsrch

These options set the corresponding resolver (name resolution) option flags. Append "=0" to clear a default option. See man resolver(5) for more information on these options. Socat restores the old values after finishing the open phase of the address, so these options are valid just for the address they are applied to.
Please note that these flags only affect DNS resolution, but not hosts or NIS based name resolution, and they have no effect when (g)libc retrieves the results from nscd .

res-retrans=<int>

Sets the retransmission time interval of the DNS resolver (based on an undocumented feature).

res-retry=<int>

Sets the number of retransmits of the DNS resolver (based on an undocumented feature).

res-nsaddr=<ipaddr>[:<port>]

Tries to overwrite nameserver settings loaded from /etc/resolv.conf by writing the given IPv4 address into the undocumented _res:nsaddr_list[0] field. /etc/hosts is still checked by resolver. Please note that glibc’s nscd is always queried first when it is running!

IP6 option group

These options can only be used on IPv6 based sockets. See IP options for options that can be applied to both IPv4 and IPv6 sockets.
ipv6only[=<bool>]

Sets the IPV6_V6ONLY socket option. If 0, the TCP stack will also accept connections using IPv4 protocol on the same port. The default is system dependent.

ipv6-recvdstopts

Sets the IPV6_RECVDSTOPTS socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing the destination options.

ipv6-recvhoplimit

Sets the IPV6_RECVHOPLIMIT socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing the hoplimit.

ipv6-recvhopopts

Sets the IPV6_RECVHOPOPTS socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing the hop options.

ipv6-recvpktinfo

Sets the IPV6_RECVPKTINFO socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing destination address and interface.

ipv6-unicast-hops=link(TYPE_INT)(<int>)

Sets the IPV6_UNICAST_HOPS socket option. This sets the hop count limit (TTL) for outgoing unicast packets.

ipv6-recvrthdr

Sets the IPV6_RECVRTHDR socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing routing information.

ipv6-tclass

Sets the IPV6_TCLASS socket option. This sets the transfer class of outgoing packets.

ipv6-recvtclass

Sets the IPV6_RECVTCLASS socket option. This enables receiving and logging of ancillary messages containing the transfer class.

TCP option group

These options may be applied to TCP sockets. They work by invoking setsockopt() with the appropriate parameters.

defer-accept

While listening, accepts connections only when data from the peer arrived.

keepcnt=<count>

Sets the number of keepalives before shutting down the socket to <count> [int].

keepidle=<seconds>

Sets the idle time before sending the first keepalive to <seconds> [int].

keepintvl=<seconds>

Sets the interval between two keepalives to <seconds> [int].

linger2=<seconds>

Sets the time to keep the socket in FIN-WAIT-2 state to <seconds> [int].

mss=<bytes>

Sets the MSS (maximum segment size) after the socket() call to <bytes> [int]. This value is then proposed to the peer with the SYN or SYN/ACK packet (example).

mss-late=<bytes>

Sets the MSS of the socket after connection has been established to <bytes> [int].

nodelay

Turns off the Nagle algorithm for measuring the RTT (round trip time).

rfc1323

Enables RFC1323 TCP options: TCP window scale, round-trip time measurement (RTTM), and protect against wrapped sequence numbers (PAWS) (AIX).

syncnt=<count>

Sets the maximal number of SYN retransmits during connect to <count> [int].

sack-disable

Disables use the selective acknowledge feature (OpenBSD).

signature-enable

Enables generation of MD5 digests on the packets (OpenBSD).

abort-threshold=<milliseconds>

Sets the time to wait for an answer of the peer on an established connection (HP-UX).

conn-abort-threshold=<milliseconds>

Sets the time to wait for an answer of the server during the initial connect (HP-UX).

keepinit

Sets the time to wait for an answer of the server during connect() before giving up. Value in half seconds, default is 150 (75s) (Tru64).

sackena

Enables selective acknowledge (Tru64).

tsoptena

Enables the time stamp option that allows RTT recalculation on existing connections (Tru64).

UDP option group

This option may be applied to UDP datagram sockets.
udp-ignore-peerport>

Address UDP-DATAGRAM expects incoming responses to come from the port specified in its second parameter. With this option, it accepts packets coming from any port.

UDPLITE option group

These options may be applied to UDPLITE addresses:
udplite-send-cscov

Sets the number of bytes for which the checksum is calculated and sent ("checksum coverage").

udplite-recv-cscov

Sets the number of bytes for which the checksum is checked ("checksum coverage").

SCTP option group

These options may be applied to SCTP stream sockets.
sctp-nodelay

Sets the SCTP_NODELAY socket option that disables the Nagle algorithm.

sctp-maxseg=<bytes>

Sets the SCTP_MAXSEG socket option to <bytes> [int]. This value is then proposed to the peer with the SYN or SYN/ACK packet.

DCCP option group

These options may be applied to DCCP sockets.
dccp-set-ccid=<int>
ccid=<int>

Selects the desired congestion control mechanism (CCID).

UDP, TCP, SCTP, DCCP, and UDPLITE option group

Here we find options that are related to the network port mechanism and thus can be used with UDP, TCP, SCTP, DCCP, and UDP-Lite client and server addresses.
sourceport=<port>

For outgoing (client) connections, it sets the source <port> using an extra bind() call. With TCP or UDP listen addresses, socat immediately shuts down the connection if the client does not use this sourceport. UDP-RECV, UDP-RECVFROM, UDP-SENDTO, and UDP-DATAGRAM addresses ignore the packet when it does not match. (example).

lowport

Outgoing (client) connections with this option use an unused random source port between 640 and 1023 incl. On UNIX class operating systems, this requires root privilege, and thus indicates that the client process is authorized by local root. TCP and UDP listen addresses with this option immediately shut down the connection if the client does not use a sourceport <= 1023. This mechanism can provide limited authorization under some circumstances.

SOCKS option group

When using SOCKS type addresses, some socks specific options can be set.
socksport=<tcp service>

Overrides the default "socks" service or port 1080 for the socks server port with <TCP service>.

socksuser=<user>

Sends the <user> [string] in the username field to the socks server. Default is the actual user name ($LOGNAME or $USER) (example).

HTTP option group

Options that can be provided with HTTP type addresses. The only HTTP address currently implemented is proxy-connect.
http-version=<string>

Changes the default "1.0" that is sent to the server in the initial HTTP request. Currently it has not other effect, in particular it does not provide any means to send a Host header.

proxyport=<TCP service>

Overrides the default HTTP proxy port 8080 with <TCP service>.

ignorecr

The HTTP protocol requires the use of CR+NL as line terminator. When a proxy server violates this standard, socat might not understand its answer. This option directs socat to interprete NL as line terminator and to ignore CR in the answer. Nevertheless, socat sends CR+NL to the proxy.

proxy-authorization=<username>:<password>

Provide "basic" authentication to the proxy server. The argument to the option is used with a "Proxy-Authorization: Basic" header in base64 encoded form.
Note: username and password are visible for every user on the local machine in the process list; username and password are transferred to the proxy server unencrypted (base64 encoded) and might be sniffed.

proxy-authorization-file=<filename>

Like option proxy-authorization, but the credentials are read from the file and therefore not visible in the process list.

resolve

Per default, socat sends to the proxy a CONNECT request containing the target hostname. With this option, socat resolves the hostname locally and sends the IP address. Please note that, according to RFC 2396, only name resolution to IPv4 addresses is implemented.

RANGE option group

These options check if a connecting client should be granted access. They can be applied to listening and receiving network sockets. tcp-wrappers options fall into this group.
range=<address-range>

After accepting a connection, tests if the peer is within range. For IPv4 addresses, address-range takes the form address/bits, e.g. 10.0.0.0/8, or address:mask, e.g. 10.0.0.0:255.0.0.0 (example); for IPv6, it is [ip6-address]/bits, e.g. [::1]/128. If the client address does not match, socat refuses the connection attempt, issues a warning, and keeps listening/receiving.

tcpwrap[=<name>]

Uses Wietse Venema’s libwrap (tcpd) library to determine if the client is allowed to connect. The configuration files are /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny per default, see "man 5 hosts_access" for more information. The optional <name> (type string) is passed to the wrapper functions as daemon process name (example). If omitted, the basename of socats invocation (argv[0]) is passed. If both tcpwrap and range options are applied to an address, both conditions must be fulfilled to allow the connection.

allow-table=<filename>

Takes the specified file instead of /etc/hosts.allow.

deny-table=<filename>

Takes the specified file instead of /etc/hosts.deny.

tcpwrap-etc=<directoryname>

Looks for hosts.allow and hosts.deny in the specified directory. Is overridden by options hosts-allow and hosts-deny.

LISTEN option group

Options specific to listening sockets.
backlog=<count>

Sets the backlog value passed with the listen() system call to <count> [int]. Default is 5.

accept-timeout=<seconds>

End waiting for a connection after <seconds> [timeval] with error status.

CHILD option group

Addresses of LISTEN and CONNECT type take the fork option to handle multiple connections via child processes.

OPENSSL-CONNECT and OPENSSL-LISTEN differ in when they actually fork off the child: OPENSSL-LISTEN forks before the SSL handshake, while OPENSSL-CONNECT forks afterwards. retry and forever options are not inherited by the child process.
On some operating systems (e.g. FreeBSD) this option does not work for UDP-LISTEN addresses.

max-children=<count>

Limits the number of concurrent child processes [int]. Default is no limit.

children-shutup[=1|2|..]

Decreases the severity of log messages produced by child processes. For example, with value 1 notices are logged as info (or dropped depending on option -dX), and errors are logged as warnings but still cause termination of the child process.
This option is intended to reduce logging of high volume servers or proxies.
This option succeeds option cool-write.

EXEC option group

Options for addresses that invoke a program.
path=<string>

Overrides the PATH environment variable for searching the program with <string>. This $PATH value is effective in the child process too.

FORK option group

EXEC or SYSTEM addresses invoke a program using a child process and transfer data between socat and the program. The interprocess communication mechanism can be influenced with the following options. Per default, a socketpair() is created and assigned to stdin and stdout of the child process, while stderr is inherited from the socat process, and the child process uses file descriptors 0 and 1 for communicating with the main socat process.

openpty

Establishes communication with the sub process using a pseudo terminal created with openpty() instead of the default (socketpair or ptmx).

fdin=<fdnum>

Assigns the sub processes input channel to its file descriptor <fdnum> instead of stdin (0). The program started from the subprocess has to use this fd for reading data from socat (example).

fdout=<fdnum>

Assigns the sub processes output channel to its file descriptor <fdnum> instead of stdout (1). The program started from the subprocess has to use this fd for writing data to socat (example).

sighup, sigint, sigquit

Has socat pass signals of this type to the sub process. If no address has this option, socat terminates on these signals.

Options for address SHELL
shell=<filename>

Overwrites use the default shell with the named executable, e.g. /bin/dash. Also sets the SHELL environment variable.

TERMIOS option group

For addresses that work on a tty (e.g., stdio, file:/dev/tty, exec:...,pty), the terminal parameters defined in the UN*X termios mechanism are made available as address option parameters. Please note that changes of the parameters of your interactive terminal remain effective after socat’s termination, so you might have to enter "reset" or "stty sane" in your shell afterwards. For EXEC and SYSTEM addresses with option PTY, these options apply to the pty by the child processes.

Note: On some operating systems, these options may not be available. Use ispeed or ospeed instead.

echo[=<bool>]

Enables or disables local echo.

icanon[=<bool>]

Sets or clears canonical mode, enabling line buffering and some special characters.

cfmakeraw

Sets raw mode by invoking cfmakeraw() or by simulating this call. This option implicitly turns off echo.

ignbrk[=<bool>]

Ignores or interpretes the BREAK character (e.g., ^C)

brkint[=<bool>]

bsdly=<0|1>
clocal[=<bool>]

cr0
cr1
cr2
cr3

Sets the carriage return delay to 0, 1, 2, or 3, respectively. 0 means no delay, the other values are terminal dependent.

crdly=<0|1|2|3>
cread[=<bool>]
crtscts[=<bool>]

cs5
cs6
cs7
cs8

Sets the character size to 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits, respectively.

csize=<0|1|2|3>
cstopb[=<bool>]

Sets two stop bits, rather than one.

dsusp=<byte>

Sets the value for the VDSUSP character that suspends the current foreground process and reactivates the shell (all except Linux).

echoctl[=<bool>]

Echos control characters in hat notation (e.g. ^A)

echoe[=<bool>]
echok[=<bool>]
echoke[=<bool>]
echonl[=<bool>]
echoprt[=<bool>]
eof=<byte>
eol=<byte>
eol2=<byte>
erase=<byte>
discard=<byte>

ffdly[=<bool>]
flusho[=<bool>]
hupcl[=<bool>]
icrnl[=<bool>]
iexten[=<bool>]
igncr[=<bool>]
ignpar[=<bool>]
imaxbel[=<bool>]
inlcr[=<bool>]
inpck[=<bool>]
intr=<byte>
isig[=<bool>]
ispeed=<unsigned-int>

Set the baud rate for incoming data on this line.
See also: ospeed, b19200

istrip[=<bool>]
iuclc[=<bool>]
ixany[=<bool>]
ixoff[=<bool>]
ixon[=<bool>]
kill=<byte>
lnext=<byte>
min=<byte>

nldly[=<bool>]
noflsh[=<bool>]
ocrnl[=<bool>]
ofdel[=<bool>]
ofill[=<bool>]
olcuc[=<bool>]
onlcr[=<bool>]
onlret[=<bool>]
onocr[=<bool>]
opost[=<bool>]

Enables or disables output processing; e.g., converts NL to CR-NL.

ospeed=<unsigned-int>

Set the baud rate for outgoing data on this line.
See also: ispeed, b19200

parenb[=<bool>]

Enable parity generation on output and parity checking for input.

parmrk[=<bool>]
parodd[=<bool>]
pendin[=<bool>]
quit=<byte>
reprint=<byte>

start=<byte>
stop=<byte>
susp=<byte>
swtc=<byte>

tabdly=<unsigned-int>
time=<byte>
tostop[=<bool>]

vtdly[=<bool>]
werase=<byte>
xcase[=<bool>]

i-pop-all

With UNIX System V STREAMS, removes all drivers from the stack.

i-push=<string>

With UNIX System V STREAMS, pushes the driver (module) with the given name (string) onto the stack. For example, to make sure that a character device on Solaris supports termios etc, use the following options: i-pop-all,i-push=ptem,i-push=ldterm,i-push=ttcompat

PTY option group

These options are intended for use with the pty address type.
link=<filename>

Generates a symbolic link that points to the actual pseudo terminal (pty). This might help to solve the problem that ptys are generated with more or less unpredictable names, making it difficult to directly access the socat generated pty automatically. With this option, the user can specify a "fix" point in the file hierarchy that helps him to access the actual pty (example). Beginning with socat version 1.4.3, the symbolic link is removed when the address is closed (but see option unlink-close).

wait-slave

Blocks the open phase until a process opens the slave side of the pty. Usually, socat continues after generating the pty with opening the next address or with entering the transfer loop. With the wait-slave option, socat waits until some process opens the slave side of the pty before continuing. This option only works if the operating system provides the poll() system call. And it depends on an undocumented behaviour of pty’s, so it does not work on all operating systems. It has successfully been tested on Linux, FreeBSD, NetBSD, and on Tru64 with openpty.

pty-interval=<seconds>

When the wait-slave option is set, socat periodically checks the HUP condition using poll() to find if the pty’s slave side has been opened. The default polling interval is 1s. Use the pty-interval option [timeval] to change this value.

sitout-eio=<timeval>

The login program in Linux closes its tty/pty and reopens it for security reasons. During this time the pty master would get EIO on I/O operations and might terminate. With this option socat tolerates EIO for the specified time. Please note that in this state socat blocks traffic in both directions, even when it is not related to this channel.

OPENSSL option group

These options apply to the openssl and openssl-listen address types.
cipher=<cipherlist>

Specifies the list of ciphers that may be used for the connection. See the man page of ciphers , section CIPHER LIST FORMAT, for detailed information about syntax, values, and default of <cipherlist>.
Several cipher strings may be given, separated by ’:’. Some simple cipher strings:

method=<ssl-method>

This option is based on deprecated functions and is only available when socat was build with option --with-openssl-method. Use option min-proto-version and maybe max-proto-version instead. Sets the protocol version to be used. Valid strings (not case sensitive) are:

min-proto-version

This option tells OpenSSL to use this or a later SSL/TLS protocol version and refuses to accept a lower/older protocol. Valid syntax is:

openssl-max-proto-version

This option is similar to min-proto-version, however, it disallows use of a higher protocol version. Useful for testing the peer.

verify[=<bool>]

Controls check of the peer’s certificate. Default is 1 (true). Disabling verify might open your socket for everyone, making the encryption useless!

cert=<filename>

Specifies the file with the certificate and private key for authentication. The certificate must be in OpenSSL format (*.pem). With openssl-listen, use of this option is strongly recommended. Except with cipher aNULL, "no shared ciphers" error will occur when no certificate is given.

key=<filename>

Specifies the file with the private key. The private key may be in this file or in the file given with the cert option. The party that has to proof that it is the owner of a certificate needs the private key.

dhparams=<filename>

Specifies the file with the Diffie Hellman parameters. These parameters may also be in the file given with the cert option in which case the dhparams option is not needed.

cafile=<filename>

Specifies the file with the trusted (root) authority certificates. The file must be in PEM format and should contain one or more certificates. The party that checks the authentication of its peer trusts only certificates that are in this file.

capath=<dirname>

Specifies the directory with the trusted (root) certificates. The directory must contain certificates in PEM format and their hashes (see OpenSSL documentation)

egd=<filename>

On some systems, openssl requires an explicit source of random data. Specify the socket name where an entropy gathering daemon like egd provides random data, e.g. /dev/egd-pool.

openssl-maxfraglen=<int>, maxfraglen=<int>

For client connections, make a Max Fragment Length Negotiation Request to the server to limit the maximum size fragment the server will send to us. Supported lengths are: 512, 1024, 2048, or 4096. Note that this option is not applicable for OPENSSL-LISTEN.

openssl-maxsendfrag=<int>, maxsendfrag=<int>

Limit the maximum size of the fragment we will send to the other side. Supported length range: 512 - 16384. Note that under OPENSSL-LISTEN, the maximum fragment size may be further limited by the client’s Maximum Fragment Length Negotiation Request, if it makes one.

NOTE:This mechanism is not sufficient for generation of secure keys!

compress

Enable or disable the use of compression for a connection. Setting this to "none" disables compression, setting it to "auto" lets OpenSSL choose the best available algorithm supported by both parties. The default is to not touch any compression-related settings. NOTE: Requires OpenSSL 0.9.8 or higher and disabling compression with OpenSSL 0.9.8 affects all new connections in the process.

commonname=<string>

Specify the commonname that the peer certificate must match. With OPENSSL-CONNECT address this overrides the given hostname or IP target address; with OPENSSL-LISTEN this turns on check of peer certificates commonname. This option has only meaning when option verify is not disabled and the chosen cipher provides a peer certificate.

no-sni[=<bool>]

Do not use the client side Server Name Indication (SNI) feature that selects the desired server certificate.
Note: SNI is automatically used since socat version 1.7.4.0 and uses commonname or the given host name.

snihost=<string>

Set the client side Server Name Indication (SNI) host name different from the addressed server name or common name. This might be useful when the server certificate has multiple host names or wildcard names because the SNI host name is passed in cleartext to the server and might be eavesdropped; with this option a mock name of the desired certificate may be transferred.

RETRY option group

Options that control retry of some system calls, especially connection attempts.
retry=<num>

Number of retries before the connection or listen attempt is aborted. Default is 0, which means just one attempt.

interval=<timespec>

Time between consecutive attempts (seconds, [timespec]). Default is 1 second.

forever

Performs an unlimited number of retry attempts.

INTERFACE option group

These options may be applied to addresses INTERFACE and TUN. These address types and options are currently only implemented on Linux operating system.

Note regarding VLANs: On incoming packets the Linux kernel strips off the VLAN tag before passing the data to the user space program on raw sockets. Special measures are required to get the VLAN information, see packet(7) PACKET_AUXDATA, and to optionally insert the tag into the packet again, use option retrieve-vlan when you need this.
retrieve-vlan

On packets incoming on raw sockets, retrieve the VLAN information and insert it into the packets for further processing (Linux)

iff-broadcast

Sets the BROADCAST flag of the TUN network interface.

iff-debug

Sets the DEBUG flag of the TUN network interface.

iff-loopback

Sets the LOOPBACK flag of the TUN network interface.

iff-pointopoint

Sets the POINTOPOINT flag of the TUN device.

iff-notrailers

Sets the NOTRAILERS flag of the TUN device.

iff-running

Sets the RUNNING flag of the TUN device.

iff-noarp

Sets the NOARP flag of the TUN device.

iff-promisc

Sets the PROMISC flag of the TUN device.

iff-allmulti

Sets the ALLMULTI flag of the TUN device.

iff-master

Sets the MASTER flag of the TUN device.

iff-slave

Sets the SLAVE flag of the TUN device.

iff-multicast

Sets the MULTICAST flag of the TUN device.

iff-portsel

Sets the PORTSEL flag of the TUN device.

iff-automedia

Sets the AUTOMEDIA flag of the TUN device.

iff-dynamic

Sets the DYNAMIC flag of the TUN device.

TUN option group

Options that control Linux TUN/TAP interface device addresses.
tun-device=<device-file>

Instructs socat to take another path for the TUN clone device. Default is /dev/net/tun.

tun-name=<if-name>

Gives the resulting network interface a specific name instead of the system generated (tun0, tun1, etc.)

tun-type=[tun|tap]

Sets the type of the TUN device; use this option to generate a TAP device. See the Linux docu for the difference between these types. When you try to establish a tunnel between two TUN devices, their types should be the same.

iff-no-pi

Sets the IFF_NO_PI flag which controls if the device includes additional packet information in the tunnel. When you try to establish a tunnel between two TUN devices, these flags should have the same values.

POSIX-MQ option group

Options that may be applied to POSIX-MQ addresses.
posixmq-priority (mq-prio)

Sets the priority of messages (packets) written to the queue, or the minimal priority of packet read from the queue.

DATA VALUES

This section explains the different data types that address parameters and address options can take.
address-range

Is currently only implemented for IPv4 and IPv6. See address-option ’range’

command-line

A string specifying a program name and its arguments, separated by single spaces.

Currently only the following specifications are implemented:

Example: i-1000 (Integer number -1000)

Example: x7f000001 (IP address 127.0.0.1)

Example: "Hello world!\n"

Example: ’a’ Data items may be separated with white space without need to repeat the type specifier again.

directory

A string with usual UN*X directory name semantics.

facility

The name of a syslog facility in lower case characters.

filename

A string with usual UN*X filename semantics.

interface

A string specifying the device name of a network interface as shown by ifconfig or procan, e.g. "eth0".

IP address

An IPv4 address in numbers-and-dots notation, an IPv6 address in hex notation enclosed in brackets, or a hostname that resolves to an IPv4 or an IPv6 address.
Examples: 127.0.0.1, [::1], www.dest-unreach.org, dns1

IPv4 address

An IPv4 address in numbers-and-dots notation or a hostname that resolves to an IPv4 address.
Examples: 127.0.0.1, www.dest-unreach.org, dns2

IPv6 address

An IPv6 address in hexnumbers-and-colons notation enclosed in brackets, or a hostname that resolves to an IPv6 address.
Examples: [::1], [1234:5678:9abc:def0:1234:5678:9abc:def0], ip6name.domain.org

long long

A number read with strtoll() . The value must fit into a C long long.

off64_t

An implementation dependend signed number, usually 64 bits, read with strtol or strtoll.

protocol

An unsigned 8 bit number, read with strtoul() .

sockname

A socket address. See address-option ’bind’

TCP service

A service name, not starting with a digit, that is resolved by getservbyname() , or an unsigned int 16 bit number read with strtoul() .

timeval

A double float specifying seconds; the number is mapped into a struct timeval, consisting of seconds and microseconds.

timespec

A double float specifying seconds; the number is mapped into a struct timespec, consisting of seconds and nanoseconds.

UDP service

A service name, not starting with a digit, that is resolved by getservbyname() , or an unsigned int 16 bit number read with strtoul() .

unsigned int

A number read with strtoul() . The value must fit into a C unsigned int.

VSOCK cid

A uint32_t (32 bit unsigned number) specifying a VSOCK Context Identifier (CID), read with strtoul() . There are several special addresses: VMADDR_CID_ANY (-1U) means any address for binding; VMADDR_CID_HOST (2) is the well-known address of the host.

VSOCK port

A uint32_t (32 bit unsigned number) specifying a VSOCK port, read with strtoul() .

EXAMPLES

socat - TCP4:www.domain.org:80

transfers data between STDIO (-) and a TCP4 connection to port 80 of host www.domain.org. This example results in an interactive connection similar to telnet or netcat. The stdin terminal parameters are not changed, so you may close the relay with ^D or abort it with ^C.

socat \

TCP4-LISTEN:www \
TCP4:www.domain.org:www

installs a simple TCP port forwarder. With TCP4-LISTEN it listens on local port "www" until a connection comes in, accepts it, then connects to the remote host (TCP4) and starts data transfer. It will not accept a second connection.

socat -d -d -lmlocal2 \

TCP4-LISTEN:80,bind=myaddr1,reuseaddr,fork,su=nobody,range=10.0.0.0/8 \
TCP4:www.domain.org:80,bind=myaddr2

TCP port forwarder, each side bound to another local IP address (bind). This example handles an almost arbitrary number of parallel or consecutive connections by fork’ing a new process after each accept() . It provides a little security by su’ing to user nobody after forking; it only permits connections from the private 10 network (range); due to reuseaddr, it allows immediate restart after master process’s termination, even if some child sockets are not completely shut down. With -lmlocal2, socat logs to stderr until successfully reaching the accept loop. Further logging is directed to syslog with facility local2.

socat \

TCP4-LISTEN:5555,fork,tcpwrap=script \
EXEC:/bin/myscript,chroot=/home/sandbox,su-d=sandbox,pty,stderr

a simple server that accepts connections (TCP4-LISTEN) and fork’s a new child process for each connection; every child acts as single relay. The client must match the rules for daemon process name "script" in /etc/hosts.allow and /etc/hosts.deny, otherwise it is refused access (see "man 5 hosts_access"). For EXEC’uting the program, the child process chroot’s to /home/sandbox, su’s to user sandbox, and then starts the program /home/sandbox/bin/myscript. Socat and myscript communicate via a pseudo tty (pty); myscript’s stderr is redirected to stdout, so its error messages are transferred via socat to the connected client.

socat \

EXEC:"mail.sh target [AT] domain.com",fdin=3,fdout=4 \
TCP4:mail.relay.org:25,crnl,bind=alias1.server.org,mss=512

mail.sh is a shell script, distributed with socat, that implements a simple SMTP client. It is programmed to "speak" SMTP on its FDs 3 (in) and 4 (out). The fdin and fdout options tell socat to use these FDs for communication with the program. Because mail.sh inherits stdin and stdout while socat does not use them, the script can read a mail body from stdin. Socat makes alias1 your local source address (bind), cares for correct network line termination (crnl) and sends at most 512 data bytes per packet (mss).

socat \

-,escape=0x0f \
/dev/ttyS0,rawer,crnl

opens an interactive connection via the serial line, e.g. for talking with a modem. rawer sets the console’s and ttyS0’s terminal parameters to practicable values, crnl converts to correct newline characters. escape allows terminating the socat process with character control-O.

socat \

UNIX-LISTEN:/tmp/.X11-unix/X1,fork \
SOCKS4:host.victim.org:127.0.0.1:6000,socksuser=nobody,sourceport=20

with UNIX-LISTEN, socat opens a listening UNIX domain socket /tmp/.X11-unix/X1. This path corresponds to local XWindow display :1 on your machine, so XWindow client connections to DISPLAY=:1 are accepted. Socat then speaks with the SOCKS4 server host.victim.org that might permit sourceport 20 based connections due to an FTP related weakness in its static IP filters. Socat pretends to be invoked by socksuser nobody, and requests to be connected to loopback port 6000 (only weak sockd configurations will allow this). So we get a connection to the victims XWindow server and, if it does not require MIT cookies or Kerberos authentication, we can start work. Please note that there can only be one connection at a time, because TCP can establish only one session with a given set of addresses and ports.

socat -u \

/tmp/readdata,seek-end=0,ignoreeof \
STDIO

this is an example for unidirectional data transfer (-u). Socat transfers data from file /tmp/readdata (implicit address GOPEN), starting at its current end (seek-end=0 lets socat start reading at current end of file; use seek=0 or no seek option to first read the existing data) in a "tail -f" like mode (ignoreeof). The "file" might also be a listening UNIX domain socket (do not use a seek option then).

(sleep 5; echo PASSWORD; sleep 5; echo ls; sleep 1) | \
socat - \

EXEC:’ssh -l user server’,pty,setsid,ctty

EXEC’utes an ssh session to server. Uses a pty for communication between socat and ssh, makes it ssh’s controlling tty (ctty), and makes this pty the owner of a new process group (setsid), so ssh accepts the password from socat.

socat -u \

TCP4-LISTEN:3334,reuseaddr,fork \
OPEN:/tmp/in.log,creat,append

implements a simple network based message collector. For each client connecting to port 3334, a new child process is generated (option fork). All data sent by the clients are append’ed to the file /tmp/in.log. If the file does not exist, socat creat’s it. Option reuseaddr allows immediate restart of the server process.

socat \

PTY,link=$HOME/dev/vmodem0,rawer,wait-slave \
EXEC:’"ssh modemserver.us.org socat - /dev/ttyS0,nonblock,rawer"’

generates a pseudo terminal device (PTY) on the client that can be reached under the symbolic link $HOME/dev/vmodem0. An application that expects a serial line or modem can be configured to use $HOME/dev/vmodem0; its traffic will be directed to a modemserver via ssh where another socat instance links it to /dev/ttyS0.

sudo socat --experimental \

TCP4-LISTEN:8000,reuseaddr,fork,netns=namespace1 \
TCP4-CONNECT:server2:8000

creates a listener in the given network namespace that accepts TCP connections on port 8000 and forwards them to server2.

sudo socat --experimental \

TUN:192.168.2.1/24,up \
TUN:192.168.2.2/24,up,netns=namespace2

creates two virtual network interfaces, one in default namespace, the other one in namespace2, and forwards packets between them, acting as a virtual network connection.

socat \

TCP4-LISTEN:2022,reuseaddr,fork \
PROXY:proxy.local:www.domain.org:22,proxyport=3128,proxyauth=username:s3cr3t

starts a forwarder that accepts connections on port 2022, and directs them through the proxy daemon listening on port 3128 (proxyport) on host proxy.local, using the CONNECT method, where they are authenticated as "username" with "s3cr3t" (proxyauth). proxy.local should establish connections to host www.domain.org on port 22 then.

socat - \

SSL:server:4443,cafile=./server.crt,cert=./client.pem

is an OpenSSL client that tries to establish a secure connection to an SSL server. Option cafile specifies a file that contains trust certificates: we trust the server only when it presents one of these certificates and proofs that it owns the related private key. Otherwise the connection is terminated. With cert a file containing the client certificate and the associated private key is specified. This is required in case the server wishes a client authentication; many Internet servers do not.
The first address (’-’) can be replaced by almost any other socat address.

socat \

OPENSSL-LISTEN:4443,reuseaddr,pf=ip4,fork,cert=./server.pem,cafile=./client.crt \
PIPE

is an OpenSSL server that accepts TCP connections, presents the certificate from the file server.pem and forces the client to present a certificate that is verified against cafile.crt.
The second address (’PIPE’) can be replaced by almost any other socat address.
For instructions on generating and distributing OpenSSL keys and certificates see the additional socat docu socat-openssl.txt.

echo |
socat -u - \

FILE:/tmp/bigfile,create,largefile,seek=100000000000

creates a 100GB+1B sparse file; this requires a file system type that supports this (ext2, ext3, ext4, reiserfs, xfs; not minix, vfat). The operation of writing 1 byte might take long (reiserfs: some minutes; ext2: "no" time), and the resulting file can consume some disk space with just its inodes (reiserfs: 2MB; ext2: 16KB).

socat \

TCP-L:7777,reuseaddr,fork \
SYSTEM:’filan -i 0 -s >&2’,nofork

listens for incoming TCP connections on port 7777. For each accepted connection, invokes a shell. This shell has its stdin and stdout directly connected to the TCP socket (nofork). The shell starts filan and lets it print the socket addresses to stderr (your terminal window).

echo -e "\0\14\0\0\c" |
socat -u - \

FILE:/usr/bin/squid.exe,seek=0x00074420

functions as primitive binary editor: it writes the 4 bytes 000 014 000 000 to the executable /usr/bin/squid.exe at offset 0x00074420 (this was a real world patch to make the squid executable from Cygwin run under Windows, in 2004).

socat - \

TCP:www.blackhat.org:31337,readbytes=1000

connects to an unknown service and prevents being flooded.

socat -U \

TCP:target:9999,end-close \
TCP-L:8888,reuseaddr,fork

merges data arriving from different TCP streams on port 8888 to just one stream to target:9999. The end-close option prevents the child processes forked off by the second address from terminating the shared connection to 9999 (close(2) just unlinks the inode which stays active as long as the parent process lives; shutdown(2) would actively terminate the connection).

socat \

TCP-LISTEN:10021,reuseaddr,socktype=6,protocol=33,fork PIPE

is a simple DCCP echo server. DCCP is now directly provisioned in socat, however this example shows how use socats TCP procedures and change the socket type to SOCK_DCCP=6 (on Linux) and the IP protocol to IPPROTO_DCCP=33.

socat - \

TCP:<server>:10021,reuseaddr,socktype=6,protocol=33,fork

is a simple DCCP client. DCCP is now directly provisioned in socat, however this example shows how use socats TCP procedures, but changes the socket type to SOCK_DCCP=6 (on Linux) and the IP protocol to IPPROTO_DCCP=33.

socat - \

UDP4-DATAGRAM:192.168.1.0:123,sp=123,broadcast,range=192.168.1.0/24

sends a broadcast to the network 192.168.1.0/24 and receives the replies of the timeservers there. Ignores NTP packets from hosts outside this network.

socat - \

SOCKET-DATAGRAM:2:2:17:x007bxc0a80100x0000000000000000,bind=x007bx00000000x0000000000000000,setsockopt-int=1:6:1,range=x0000xc0a80100x0000000000000000:x0000xffffff00x0000000000000000

is semantically equivalent to the previous example, but all parameters are specified in generic form. the value 6 of setsockopt-int is the Linux value for SO_BROADCAST.

socat - \

IP4-DATAGRAM:255.255.255.255:44,broadcast,range=10.0.0.0/8

sends a broadcast to the local network(s) using protocol 44. Accepts replies from the private address range only.

socat - \

UDP4-DATAGRAM:224.255.0.1:6666,bind=:6666,ip-add-membership=224.255.0.1:eth0

transfers data from stdin to the specified multicast address using UDP. Both local and remote ports are 6666. Tells the interface eth0 to also accept multicast packets of the given group. Multiple hosts on the local network can run this command, so all data sent by any of the hosts will be received by all the other ones. Note that there are many possible reasons for failure, including IP-filters, routing issues, wrong interface selection by the operating system, bridges, or a badly configured switch.

socat \

UDP:host2:4443 \
TUN:192.168.255.1/24,up

establishes one side of a virtual (but not private!) network with host2 where a similar process might run, with UDP-L and tun address 192.168.255.2. They can reach each other using the addresses 192.168.255.1 and 192.168.255.2. Note that streaming eg.via TCP or SSL does not guarantee to retain packet boundaries and might thus cause packet loss.

socat - \

VSOCK-CONNECT:2:1234

establishes a VSOCK connection with the host (host is always reachable with the well-know CID=2) on 1234 port.

socat - \

VSOCK-LISTEN:1234

listens for a VSOCK connection on 1234 port.

socat - \

VSOCK-CONNECT:31:4321,bind:5555

establishes a VSOCK connection with the guest that have CID=31 on 1234 port, binding the local socket to the 5555 port.

socat \

VSOCK-LISTEN:3333,reuseaddr,fork \
VSOCK-CONNECT:42,3333

starts a forwarder that accepts VSOCK connections on port 3333, and directs them to the guest with CID=42 on the same port.

socat \

VSOCK-LISTEN:22,reuseaddr,fork \
TCP:localhost:22

forwards VSOCK connections from 22 port to the local SSH server. Running this in a VM allows you to connect via SSH from the host using VSOCK, as in the example below.

socat \

TCP4-LISTEN:22222,reuseaddr,fork \
VSOCK-CONNECT:33:22

forwards TCP connections from 22222 port to the guest with CID=33 listening on VSOCK port 22. Running this in the host, allows you to connect via SSH running "ssh -p 22222 user@localhost", if the guest runs the example above.

socat \

PTY,link=/var/run/ppp,rawer \
INTERFACE:hdlc0

circumvents the problem that pppd requires a serial device and thus might not be able to work on a synchronous line that is represented by a network device. socat creates a PTY to make pppd happy, binds to the network interface hdlc0, and can transfer data between both devices. Use pppd on device /var/run/ppp then.

socat --experimental -u \

STDIO \
POSIXMQ-SEND:/queue1,unlink-early,mq-prio=10

Writes packets read from stdio (i.e., lines of input when run interactively) into POSIX message queue, with priority 10.

socat --experimental -u \

POSIXMQ-RECV:/queue1,fork,max-children=3 \
SYSTEM:"robot.sh"

Receives messages (packets) from POSIX message queue and, for each messages, forks a sub process that reads and processes the message. At most 3 sub processes are allowed at the same time.

socat -T 1 -d -d \

TCP-L:10081,reuseaddr,fork,crlf \
SYSTEM:"echo -e \"\\\"HTTP/1.0 200 OK\\\nDocumentType: text/plain\\\n\\\ndate: \$\(date\)\\\nserver:\$SOCAT_SOCKADDR:\$SOCAT_SOCKPORT\\\nclient: \$SOCAT_PEERADDR:\$SOCAT_PEERPORT\\\n\\\"\"; cat; echo -e \"\\\"\\\n\\\"\""

creates a very primitive HTTP echo server: each HTTP client that connects gets a valid HTTP reply that contains information about the client address and port as it is seen by the server host, the host address (which might vary on multihomed servers), and the original client request.

socat -d -d \

UDP4-RECVFROM:9999,so-broadcast,so-timestamp,ip-pktinfo,ip-recverr,ip-recvopts,ip-recvtos,ip-recvttl!!- \
SYSTEM:’export; sleep 1’ |

grep SOCAT

waits for an incoming UDP packet on port 9999 and prints the environment variables provided by socat. On BSD based systems you have to replace ip-pktinfo with ip-recvdstaddr,ip-recvif. Especially of interest is SOCAT_IP_DSTADDR: it contains the target address of the packet which may be a unicast, multicast, or broadcast address.

echo -e "M-SEARCH * HTTP/1.1\nHOST: 239.255.255.250:1900\nMAN: \"ssdp:discover\"\nMX: 4\nST: \"ssdp:all\"\n" |
socat - \

UDP-DATAGRAM:239.255.255.250:1900,crlf

sends an SSDP (Simple Service Discovery Protocol) query to the local network and collects and outputs the answers received.

systemd-socket-activate -l 1077 --inetd socat ACCEPT:0,fork PIPE

systemd-socket-activate is a program for testing systemd socket activation of daemons. With --inetd it waits for a connection on the specified port. It does not accept the connection but passes the listening file descriptor as FDs 0 and 1. Socat accepts the waiting connection and starts data transfer.