Manpages

NAME

shar - create a shell archive

SYNOPSIS

shar [-flags] [-flag [value]] [--option-name[[=| ]value]] [<file>...]

If no files are specified, the list of input files is read from standard input. Standard input must not be a terminal.

DESCRIPTION

shar creates "shell archives" (or shar files) which are in text format and can be emailed. These files may be unpacked later by executing them with /bin/sh. The resulting archive is sent to standard out unless the -o option is given. A wide range of features provide extensive flexibility in manufacturing shars and in specifying shar "smartness". Archives may be fairly simple (--vanilla-operation) or essentially a mailable tar archive.

Options may be specified in any order until a file argument is recognized. If the --intermix-type option has been specified, more compression and encoding options will be recognized between the file arguments.

Though this program supports uuencode-d files, they are deprecated. If you are emailing files, please consider mime-encoded files. If you do uuencode, base64 is the preferred encoding method.

OPTIONS

Specifying compression
-p, --intermix-type

specify compression for input files. This option must not appear in combination with any of the following options: vanilla-operation.

Allow positional parameter options. The compression method and encoding method options may be intermixed with file names. Files named after these options will be processed in the specified way.

-C program, --compactor=program

specify compaction (compression) program. This option may appear an unlimited number of times. This option must not appear in combination with any of the following options: vanilla-operation.

The gzip, bzip2 and compress compactor commands may be specified by the program name as the option name, e.g. --gzip. Those options, however, are being deprecated. There is also the xz compactor now. Specify xz with -C xz or --compactor=xz.

Specifying the compactor "none" will disable file compression. Compressed files are never processed as plain text. They are always uuencoded and the recipient must have uudecode to unpack them.

Specifying the compactor compress is deprecated.

-g level, --level-of-compression=level

pass LEVEL for compression. This option takes an integer number as its argument. The value of level is constrained to being:

in the range 1 through 9

The default level for this option is:
9

Some compression programs allow for a level of compression. The default is 9, but this option allows you to specify something else. This value is used by gzip, bzip2 and xz, but not compress.

-j, --bzip2

bzip2 and uuencode files. This option may appear an unlimited number of times.

bzip2 compress and uuencode all files prior to packing. The recipient must have uudecode bzip2 in order to unpack.

NOTE: THIS OPTION IS DEPRECATED

-z, --gzip

gzip and uuencode files. This option may appear an unlimited number of times.

gzip compress and uuencode all files prior to packing. The recipient must have uudecode and gzip in order to unpack.

NOTE: THIS OPTION IS DEPRECATED

-Z, --compress

compress and uuencode files. This option may appear an unlimited number of times.

compress and uuencode all files prior to packing. The recipient must have uudecode and compress in order to unpack.

NOTE: THIS OPTION IS DEPRECATED

--level-for-gzip

This is an alias for the --level-of-compression option.

NOTE: THIS OPTION IS DEPRECATED

-b bits, --bits-per-code=bits

pass bits (default 12) to compress. The default bits for this option is:
12

This is the compression factor used by the compress program.

NOTE: THIS OPTION IS DEPRECATED

Specifying file encoding methodology
Files may be stored in the shar either as plain text or uuencoded. By default, the program selects which by examining the file. You may force the selection for all files. In intermixed option/file mode, this setting may be changed during processing.
-M, --mixed-uuencode

decide uuencoding for each file. This option is a member of the mixed-uuencode class of options.

Automatically determine if the files are text or binary and archive correctly. Files found to be binary are uuencoded prior to packing. This is the default behavior for shar.

For a file to be considered a text file instead of a binary file, all the following should be true:

The file does not contain any ASCII control character besides BS (backspace), HT (horizontal tab), LF (new line) or FF (form feed).

The file contains no character with its eighth-bit set.

The file contains no line beginning with the five letters "from ", capitalized or not. (Mail handling programs will often gratuitously insert a > character before it.)

The file is either empty or ends with a LF (newline) byte.

No line in the file contains more than 200 characters. For counting purpose, lines are separated by a LF (newline).

-B, --uuencode

treat all files as binary. This option is a member of the mixed-uuencode class of options.

Use uuencode prior to packing all files. This increases the size of the archive. The recipient must have uudecode in order to unpack. Compressed files are always encoded.

-T, --text-files

treat all files as text. This option is a member of the mixed-uuencode class of options.

If you have files with non-ascii bytes or text that some mail handling programs do not like, you may find difficulties. However, if you are using FTP or SSH/SCP, the non-conforming text files should be okay.

Specifying file selection and output modes
-o prefix, --output-prefix=prefix

print output to file PREFIX.nn.

Save the archive to files prefix.01 thru prefix.nn instead of sending all output to standard out. Must be specified when the --whole-size-limit or --split-size-limit options are specified.

When prefix contains a % character, prefix is then interpreted as a sprintf format, which should be able to display a single decimal number. When prefix does not contain such a % character, the string .%02d is internally appended.

-l size, --whole-size-limit=size

split archive, not files, to size. This option is a member of the whole-size-limit class of options. This option must appear in combination with the following options: output-prefix. This option takes an integer number as its argument. The value of size is constrained to being:

in the range 8 through 1023, or
in the range 8192 through 4194304

Limit the output file size to size bytes, but don’t split input files. If size is less than 1024, then it will be multiplied by 1024. The value may also be specified with a k, K, m or M suffix. The number is then multiplied by 1000, 1024, 1000000, or 1048576, respectively. 4M (4194304) is the maximum allowed.

Unlike the split-size-limit option, this allows the recipient of the shar files to unpack them in any order.

-L size, --split-size-limit=size

split archive or files to size. This option is a member of the whole-size-limit class of options. This option must appear in combination with the following options: output-prefix. This option takes an integer number as its argument. The value of size is constrained to being:

in the range 8 through 1023, or
in the range 8192 through 4194304

Limit output file size to size bytes, splitting files if necessary. The allowed values are specified as with the --whole-size-limit option.

The archive parts created with this option must be unpacked in the correct order. If the recipient of the shell archives wants to put all of them in a single email folder (file), they will have to be saved in the correct order for unshar to unpack them all at once (using one of the split archive options). see: unshar Invocation.

-I file, --input-file-list=file

read file list from a file.

This option causes file to be reopened as standard input. If no files are found on the input line, then standard input is read for input file names. Use of this option will prohibit input files from being listed on the command line.

Input must be in a form similar to that generated by find, one filename per line. This switch is especially useful when the command line will not hold the list of files to be archived.

If the --intermix-type option is specified on the command line, then the compression options may be included in the standard input on lines by themselves and no file name may begin with a hyphen.

For example:
{ echo --compact xz
find . -type f -print | sort
} | shar -S -p -L50K -o /somewhere/big

-S, --stdin-file-list

read file list from standard input.

This option is actually a no-op. It is a wrapper for --input-file-list=-.

NOTE: THIS OPTION IS DEPRECATED

Controlling the shar headers
-n name, --archive-name=name

use name to document the archive.

Name of archive to be included in the subject header of the shar files. See the --net-headers option.

-s who@where, --submitter=who@where

override the submitter name.

shar will normally determine the submitter name by querying the system. Use this option if it is being done on behalf of another.

-a, --net-headers

output Submitted-by: & Archive-name: headers. This option must appear in combination with the following options: archive-name.

Adds specialized email headers:
Submitted-by: who@@where
Archive-name: name/part##
The who@@where is normally derived, but can be specified with the --submitter option. The name must be provided with the --archive-name option. If the archive name includes a slash (/) character, then the /part## is omitted. Thus -n xyzzy produces:
xyzzy/part01
xyzzy/part02

while -n xyzzy/patch produces:
xyzzy/patch01
xyzzy/patch02

and -n xyzzy/patch01. produces:
xyzzy/patch01.01
xyzzy/patch01.02

-c, --cut-mark

start the shar with a cut line.

A line saying ’Cut here’ is placed at the start of each output file.

-t, --translate

translate messages in the script.

Translate messages in the script. If you have set the LANG environment variable, messages printed by shar will be in the specified language. The produced script will still be emitted using messages in the lingua franca of the computer world: English. This option will cause the script messages to appear in the languages specified by the LANG environment variable set when the script is produced.

Protecting against transmission issues
--no-character-count

do not use ’wc -c’ to check size.

Do NOT check each file with ’wc -c’ after unpack. The default is to check.

-D, --no-md5-digest

do not use md5sum digest to verify.

Do not use md5sum digest to verify the unpacked files. The default is to check.

-F, --force-prefix

apply the prefix character on every line.

Forces the prefix character to be prepended to every line, even if not required. This option may slightly increase the size of the archive, especially if --uuencode or a compression option is used.

-d delim, --here-delimiter=delim

use delim to delimit the files. The default delim for this option is:
SHAR_EOF

Use DELIM to delimit the files in the shar instead of SHAR_EOF. This is for those who want to personalize their shar files. The delimiter will always be prefixed and suffixed with underscores.

Producing different kinds of shars
-V, --vanilla-operation

produce very simple shars.

This option produces vanilla shars which rely only upon the existence of echo, test and sed in the unpacking environment.

It changes the default behavior from mixed mode (--mixed-uuencode) to text mode (--text-files). Warnings are produced if options are specified that will require decompression or decoding in the unpacking environment.

-P, --no-piping

use temporary files between programs.

In the shar file, use a temporary file to hold file contents between unpacking stages instead of using pipes. This option is mandatory when you know the unpacking will happen on systems that do not support pipes.

-x, --no-check-existing

blindly overwrite existing files.

Create the archive so that when processed it will overwrite existing files without checking first. If neither this option nor the --query-user option is specified, the unpack will not overwrite pre-existing files. In all cases, however, if --cut-mark is passed as a parameter to the script when unpacking, then existing files will be overwritten unconditionally.

sh shar-archive-file -c

-X, --query-user

ask user before overwriting files. This option must not appear in combination with any of the following options: vanilla-operation.

When unpacking, interactively ask the user if files should be overwritten. Do not use for shars submitted to the net.

Use of this option produces shars which will cause problems with some unshar-style procedures, particularly when used together with vanilla mode (--vanilla-operation). Use this feature mainly for archives to be passed among agreeable parties. Certainly, -X is not for shell archives which are to be submitted to Usenet or other public networks.

The problem is that unshar programs or procedures often feed /bin/sh from its standard input, thus putting /bin/sh and the shell archive script in competition for input lines. As an attempt to alleviate this problem, shar will try to detect if /dev/tty exists at the receiving site and will use it to read user replies. But this does not work in all cases, it may happen that the receiving user will have to avoid using unshar programs or procedures, and call /bin/sh directly. In vanilla mode, using /dev/tty is not even attempted.

-m, --no-timestamp

do not restore modification times.

Avoid generating ’touch’ commands to restore the file modification dates when unpacking files from the archive.

When file modification times are not preserved, project build programs like "make" will see built files older than the files they get built from. This is why, when this option is not used, a special effort is made to restore timestamps.

-Q, --quiet-unshar

avoid verbose messages at unshar time.

Verbose OFF. Disables the inclusion of comments to be output when the archive is unpacked.

-f, --basename

restore in one directory, despite hierarchy.

Restore by the base file name only, rather than path. This option causes only file names to be used, which is useful when building a shar from several directories, or another directory. Note that if a directory name is passed to shar, the substructure of that directory will be restored whether this option is specified or not.

Internationalization options
--no-i18n

do not internationalize.

Do not produce internationalized shell archives, use default English messages. By default, shar produces archives that will try to output messages in the unpackers preferred language (as determined by the LANG/LC_MESSAGES environmental variables) when they are unpacked. If no message file for the unpackers language is found at unpack time, messages will be in English.

--print-text-domain-dir

print directory with shar messages.

Prints the directory shar looks in to find messages files for different languages, then immediately exits.

User feedback/entertainment
-q, --quiet

do not output verbose messages.

omit progress messages.

--silent

This is an alias for the --quiet option.

-h, --help

Display usage information and exit.

-!, --more-help

Pass the extended usage information through a pager.

-R [cfgfile], --save-opts [=cfgfile]

Save the option state to cfgfile. The default is the last configuration file listed in the OPTION PRESETS section, below. The command will exit after updating the config file.

-r cfgfile, --load-opts=cfgfile, --no-load-opts

Load options from cfgfile. The no-load-opts form will disable the loading of earlier config/rc/ini files. --no-load-opts is handled early, out of order.

-v [{v|c|n --version [{v|c|n}]}]

Output version of program and exit. The default mode is ’v’, a simple version. The ’c’ mode will print copyright information and ’n’ will print the full copyright notice.

OPTION PRESETS

Any option that is not marked as not presettable may be preset by loading values from configuration ("RC" or ".INI") file(s). The file "$HOME/.sharrc" will be used, if present.

WARNINGS

No attempt is made to restore the protection and modification dates for directories, even if this is done by default for files. Thus, if a directory is given to shar, the protection and modification dates of corresponding unpacked directory may not match those of the original.

If a directory is passed to shar, it may be scanned more than once, to conserve memory. Therefore, do not change the directory contents while shar is running.

Be careful that the output file(s) are not included in the inputs or shar may loop until the disk fills up. Be particularly careful when a directory is passed to shar that the output files are not in that directory or a subdirectory of it.

Use of the compression and encoding options will slow the archive process, perhaps considerably.

Use of the --query-user produces shars which will cause problems with many unshar procedures. Use this feature only for archives to be passed among agreeable parties. Certainly, query-user is NOT for shell archives which are to be distributed across the net. The use of compression in net shars will cause you to be flamed off the earth. Not using the --no-timestamp or --force-prefix options may also get you occasional complaints. Put these options into your ~/.sharrc file.

FILES

See OPTION PRESETS for configuration files.

EXAMPLES

The first shows how to make a shell archive out of all C program sources. The second produces a shell archive with all .c and .h files, which unpacks silently. The third gives a shell archive of all uuencoded .arc files, into numbered files starting from arc.sh.01. The last example gives a shell archive which will use only the file names at unpack time.

shar *.c > cprog.shar
shar -Q *.[ch] > cprog.shar
shar -B -l28 -oarc.sh *.arc
shar -f /lcl/src/u*.c > u.sh

EXIT STATUS

One of the following exit values will be returned:
0 (EXIT_SUCCESS)

Successful program execution.

1 (EXIT_OPTION_ERROR)

The command options were misconfigured.

2 (EXIT_FILE_NOT_FOUND)

a specified input could not be found

3 (EXIT_CANNOT_OPENDIR)

open/close of specified directory failed

4 (EXIT_FAILED)

Resource limit/miscelleaneous shar command failure

63 (EXIT_BUG)

There is a shar command bug. Please report it.

66 (EX_NOINPUT)

A specified configuration file could not be loaded.

70 (EX_SOFTWARE)

libopts had an internal operational error. Please report it to autogen-users [AT] lists.net. Thank you.

SEE ALSO

unshar(1)

AUTHORS

The shar and unshar programs is the collective work of many authors. Many people contributed by reporting problems, suggesting various improvements or submitting actual code. A list of these people is in the THANKS file in the sharutils distribution.

COPYRIGHT

Copyright (C) 1994-2015 Free Software Foundation, Inc. all rights reserved. This program is released under the terms of the GNU General Public License, version 3 or later.

BUGS

Please put sharutils in the subject line for emailed bug reports. It helps to spot the message.

Please send bug reports to: bug-gnu-utils [AT] gnu.org

NOTES

This manual page was AutoGen-erated from the shar option definitions.