Manpages

NAME

nbdkit-memory-plugin - nbdkit virtual memory (RAM disk) plugin

SYNOPSIS

nbdkit memory [size=]SIZE [allocator=sparse|malloc|zstd]

DESCRIPTION

"nbdkit-memory-plugin" is a plugin for nbdkit(1) which stores a single disk image in virtual memory, and discards it when nbdkit exits. This plugin can be used for testing or where you don’t care about the final content of the disk image.

All nbdkit clients will see the same disk content, initially all zeroes.

By default the disk image is stored in memory using a sparse array. The allocated parts of the disk image cannot be larger than physical RAM plus swap, less whatever is being used by the rest of the system. Other allocators are available, see "ALLOCATORS" below. All allocators store the image in memory. If you want to allocate more space than this use nbdkit-file-plugin(1) backed by a temporary file instead.

Using the sparse allocator the virtual size can be as large as you like, up to the maximum supported by nbdkit (2⁶³-1 bytes). This limit is tested when nbdkit is compiled, and it should work on all platforms and architectures supported by nbdkit.

EXAMPLES

Create a one gigabyte sparse RAM disk:

nbdkit memory 1G

If you want to loop mount the above disk, see nbdkit-loop(1).

Create the largest possible RAM disk:

nbdkit memory $(( 2**63 - 1 ))

PARAMETERS

[size=]SIZE

Specify the virtual size of the disk image.

This parameter is required.

"size=" is a magic config key and may be omitted in most cases. See "Magic parameters" in nbdkit(1).

allocator=sparse
allocator=malloc[,mlock=true]
allocator=zstd

(nbdkit ≥ 1.22)

Select the backend allocation strategy. See "ALLOCATORS" below. The default is sparse.

NOTES

Preloading small amounts of data
If you want an in-memory disk image preinitialized with a small amount of data specified on the command line, look at nbdkit-data-plugin(1) instead. Note by "small" this does not mean that the virtual disk image must be small, but that the amount of data initially stored sparsely is small enough to specify on the command line.

Preloading large amounts of data
If you want to preload a large amount of data (eg. a disk image) into the memory plugin, use qemu-img(1) or nbdcopy(1):

$ rm -f pid
$ nbdkit -P pid memory 10G

Wait for nbdkit to become ready to accept connections:

$ while [ ! -f pid ]; do sleep 1; done

Preload Fedora disk image using qemu-img:

$ virt-builder fedora-28 --size=10G
$ qemu-img convert -p -n fedora-28.img nbd:localhost:10809

If you have libnbd ≥ 1.4, you can use nbdcopy(1) as an alternative:

$ nbdcopy -p fedora-28.img nbd://localhost

ALLOCATORS

Since nbdkit ≥ 1.22 several allocation strategies are available using the "allocator" parameter.
allocator=sparse

The disk image is stored in memory using a sparse array. The sparse array uses a simple two level page table with a fixed page size. The allocated parts of the disk image cannot be larger than physical RAM plus swap, less whatever is being used by the rest of the system. The aim of the sparse array implementation is to support extremely large images for testing, although it won’t necessarily be efficient for that use case. However it should also be reasonably efficient for normal disk sizes.

The virtual size of the disk can be as large as you like, up to the maximum supported by nbdkit (2⁶³-1 bytes).

This is the default, and was the only allocator available before nbdkit 1.22.

allocator=malloc
allocator=malloc,mlock=true

The disk image is stored directly in memory allocated using malloc(3) on the heap. No sparseness is possible: you must have enough memory for the whole disk. Very large virtual sizes will usually fail. However this can be faster because the implementation is simpler and the locking strategy allows more concurrency.

If "mlock=true" is added then additionally the array is locked into RAM using mlock(2) (so it should never be swapped out). This usually requires you to adjust the ulimit(1) associated with the process and on some operating systems may require you to run nbdkit as root. (See also the nbdkit(1) --swap option).

The "mlock=true" feature is only supported on some platforms. Use "nbdkit memory --dump-plugin" and check that the output contains "mlock=yes".

allocator=zstd

The disk image is stored in a sparse array where each page is compressed using zstd compression. Assuming a typical 2:1 compression ratio, this allows you to store twice as much real data as "allocator=sparse", with the trade-off that the plugin is slightly slower because it has to compress and decompress each page. Aside from compression, the implementation of this allocator is similar to "allocator=sparse", so in other respects (such as supporting huge virtual disk sizes) it is the same.

This allocator is only supported if nbdkit was compiled with zstd support. Use "nbdkit memory --dump-plugin" and check that the output contains "zstd=yes".

FILES

$plugindir/nbdkit-memory-plugin.so

The plugin.

Use "nbdkit --dump-config" to find the location of $plugindir.

VERSION

"nbdkit-memory-plugin" first appeared in nbdkit 1.2.

SEE ALSO

nbdkit(1), nbdkit-plugin(3), nbdkit-loop(1), nbdkit-data-plugin(1), nbdkit-file-plugin(1), nbdkit-info-plugin(1), nbdkit-tmpdisk-plugin(1), mlock(2), malloc(3), qemu-img(1), nbdcopy(1).

AUTHORS

Richard W.M. Jones

COPYRIGHT

Copyright Red Hat

LICENSE

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY RED HAT AND CONTRIBUTORS ’’AS IS’’ AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL RED HAT OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.