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NOTICE

!!!NOTICE!!! !!!NOTICE!!! !!!NOTICE!!! !!!NOTICE!!! !!!NOTICE!!!!
! !
! Revision 1.29 represents the end of life for lslk. I don’t have time !
! to support it. Please don’t report bugs to me. I will politely !
! decline to work on them. !
! !
! Vic Abell <abe [AT] purdue.edu>, July 11, 2001 !
! !
!!!NOTICE!!! !!!NOTICE!!! !!!NOTICE!!! !!!NOTICE!!! !!!NOTICE!!!!

NAME

lslk − list local locks

SYNOPSIS

lslk [ −abhnOvw ] [ −i i ] [ −k k ] [ −p p ] [ −S [t] ] [ paths ]

DESCRIPTION

Lslk revision 1.29 lists information about locks held on files with local inodes on systems running the following UNIX dialects:

		AIX 3.2.5, 4.1.4, 4.2[.1], and AIX 4.3[.[12]]
		DEC OSF/1, Digital UNIX, and Tru64 UNIX [2345].[01] and 3.2
		Linux
		SCO OpenDesktop or OpenServer 3.0 and 5.0.[0245]
		Sequent PTX 2.1.9, 4.2.1, 4.3, and 4.4
		Solaris 2.[345], 2.5.1, 2.6, 7, and 8 (excluding Veritas
		VxFS local files)
		SunOS 4.1.3

The lock may belong to a process on the local system or to a process on an NFS client system to which the local system is an NFS server. Notes: Linux and PTX 2.1.9 lslk don’t report on locks held by NFS clients; Solaris lslk won’t report locks held on local Veritas VxFS files.

OPTIONS

In the absence of any options, lslk lists all locks associated with the local files of the system.

When selection options are specified, the listing of all locks is disabled, and the selection options are ORed together. Only locks meeting any selection criterion are listed.

When the −a option is specified, the listing of all locks is disabled, and the selection options are ANDed together. Only locks that meet all selection criteria are listed.

	−a		This option causes list selection options to be ANDed, as described above.
	−b		This option causes lslk to avoid kernel functions that might block − lstat(2), readlink(2), and stat(2).

See the BLOCKS AND TIMEOUTS and AVOIDING KERNEL BLOCKS sections for information on using this option.

−i i

This option selects the listing of locks whose owning process is on the Internet host whose name or network address is i.

Multiple addresses may be declared with multiple −i i options.

−k k

This option specifies k as an alternate to the default kernel name list file path. The default kernel name list file path is listed in the −h help output.

It may be necessary to specify an alternate kernel name list path when the file at the default path isn’t the booted kernel -- e.g., the default is /vmunix, but the booted kernel file is /vmunix.new.

Unless lslk accesses the correct kernel name list file, it may derive incorrect addresses for symbols in kernel memory, causing it to fail.

−n

This option inhibits the conversion of network host names to network addresses and the conversion of network addresses to network host names.

This option may be useful when the host name to address translation service (e.g., the Domain Name Server) is slow or inoperative.

If you use this option on hosts whose kernel lock table contains only host names − e.g., SCO or Solaris − or you use this option and also select the listing of locks by an Internet network address with the −i i option, lslk will not be able to locate any locks with the specified network address, nor will it be able to report network addresses in its output. The −n option inhibits the necessary conversion of kernel lock table host names to network addresses.

	−O		This option directs lslk to bypass the strategy it uses to avoid being blocked by some kernel operations − i.e., doing them in forked child processes. See the BLOCKS AND TIMEOUTS and AVOIDING KERNEL BLOCKS sections for more information on kernel operations that may block lslk.
	−p p		This option selects the listing of locks whose owning process IDentification (PID) numbers are in the comma−separated list, p.
	−S [t]		This option specifies an optional time-out seconds value for kernel functions − lstat(2), readlink(2), and stat(2) − that might otherwise deadlock. The minimum for t is two; the default, fifteen; when no value is specified, the default is used.

See the BLOCKS AND TIMEOUTS section for more information.

	−v		When this option is specified, lslk lists version information − i.e., where, when and how it was constructed.
	−w		This option suppresses non−fatal warning messages.
	paths		This option specifies a list of file path names for which lslk is to list lock information.

OUTPUT

Lslk lists the information for each lock on a separate line in the following columns. (The columns are dynamically sized.)

SRC

indicates the source of the process holding the lock.

If the source is a local process, its command name is displayed, or ’’(unknown)’’ if the command name can’t be determined.

If the source is a remote process, the host name or network number where the remote process executes is displayed.

	PID		is the Process IDentification number of the process holding the lock.
	DEV		is the device (major and minor numbers) on which the locked file resides.
	INUM		is the inode number of the locked file.
	SZ		is the size of the locked file.
	TY		is the lock type:

r read;


				rw
				read and write;

				w
				write;

				?
				unknown.

	M		is the mandatory state of the lock: 0 if none; 1 if set. (See chmod(1)).
	ST		is the relative byte offset of the lock.
	WH		is the starting offset (’’whence’’) of the lock.
	END		is the ending offset of the lock.
	LEN		is the length of the lock.
	NAME		is the name of the locked file, if it was specified as a path argument.

If there is no path argument name, then the mount point and device paths of the file system on which the locked file resides are displayed.

BLOCKS AND TIMEOUTS

Lslk can be blocked by some kernel functions that it uses − lstat(2), readlink(2), and stat(2). These functions are stalled in the kernel, for example, when the hosts where mounted NFS file systems reside become inaccessible.

Lslk attempts to break these blocks with timers and child processes, but the techniques are not wholly reliable. When lslk does manage to break a block, it will report the break with an error message. The messages may be suppressed with the −w option.

The default timeout value may be displayed with the −h option, and it may be changed with the −S [t] option. The minimum for t is two seconds, but you should avoid small values, since slow system responsiveness can cause short timeouts to expire unexpectedly and perhaps stop lslk before it can produce any output.

When lslk has to break a block during its access of mounted file system information, it normally continues, although with less information available to display about open files.

Lslk can also be directed to avoid the protection of timers and child processes when using the kernel functions that might block by specifying the −O option. While this will allow lslk to start up with less overhead, it exposes lslk completely to the kernel situations that might block it. Use this option cautiously.

AVOIDING KERNEL BLOCKS

You can use the −b option to tell lslk to avoid using kernel functions that would block. Some cautions apply.

First, using this option usually requires that your system supply alternate device numbers in place of the device numbers that lslk would normally obtain with the lstat(2) and stat(2) kernel functions. See the ALTERNATE DEVICE NUMBERS section for more information on alternate device numbers.

Second, you can’t specify the names of files you want lslk to locate locks for unless they’re file system names. This is because lslk needs to know the device and inode numbers of files listed with names in the lslk options, and the −b option prevents lslk from obtaining them. Moreover, since lslk only has device numbers for the file systems that have alternates, its ability to locate locks on file systems depends completely on the availability and accuracy of the alternates. If no alternates are available, or if they’re incorrect, lslk won’t be able to locate locks on the named file systems.

Third, if the names of your file system directories that lslk obtains from your system’s mount table are symbolic links, lslk won’t be able to resolve the links. This is because the −b option causes lslk to avoid the kernel readlink(2) function it uses to resolve symbolic links.

Finally, using the −b option causes lslk to issue warning messages when it needs to use the kernel functions that the −b option directs it to avoid. You can suppress these messages by specifying the −w option, but if you do, you won’t see the alternate device numbers reported in the warning messages.

ALTERNATE DEVICE NUMBERS

On some dialects, when lslk has to break a block because it can’t get information about a mounted file system via the lstat(2) and stat(2) kernel functions, or because you specified the −b option, lslk can obtain some of the information it needs − the device number and possibly the file system type − from the system mount table. When that is possible, lslk will report the device number it obtained. (You can suppress the report by specifying the −w option.)

You can assist this process if your mount table is supported with an /etc/mtab or /etc/mnttab file that contains an options field by adding a ’’dev=xxxx’’ field for mount points that do not have one in their options strings.

The ’’xxxx’’ portion of the field is the hexadecimal value of the file system’s device number. (Consult the st_dev field of the output of the lstat(2) and stat(2) functions for the appropriate values for your file systems.) Here’s an example from a Solaris 2.5 /etc/mnttab for a UFS file system:

... ufs suid,rw,dev=80001f ...

Some dialects that do not use an ASCII /etc/mtab or /etc/mnttab file for the mount table may still provide an alternative device number in their internal mount tables. This includes AIX, DEC OSF/1, Digital UNIX, and Tru64 UNIX. Lslk knows how to obtain the alternative device number for these dialects and uses it when its attempt to lstat(2) or stat(2) the file system is blocked.

If you’re not sure your dialect supplies alternate device numbers for file systems from its mount table, use this lslk incantation to see if it reports any alternate device numbers:

lslk -b

Look for standard error file warning messages that begin ’’assuming "dev=xxxx" from ...’’.

DIAGNOSTICS

Errors are identified with messages on the standard error file.

Lslk returns a one (1) if an error was detected or if it couldn’t list lock information for all the names that were specified.

EXAMPLES

To list all locks, use:

lslk

To list locks from the host ’’klaatu’’ in the local domain, use:

lslk -i klaatu

To list locks from the hosts helios.cc.purdue.edu and vic1.cc.purdue.edu, use:

lslk -i helios.cc.purdue.edu -i vic1.cc.purdue.edu

To list locks held by processes 1234 and 56789, use:

lslk -p 1234,56789

To list all locks held by process 1234 on host klaatu, use:

lslk -p 1234 -a -i klaatu

PERMISSION

Lslk must have permission to access the system memory files − e.g., /dev/kmem and /dev/mem. Permission to do that is granted when the lslk process is run from a root shell, or when its ’’setgid’’ group matches the group (e.g., ’’sys’’) that can read the system memory files.

BUGS

Perhaps it should be possible to specify the host on which a search target PID is located.

DEC OSF/1, Digital UNIX, and Tru64 UNIX lslk won’t find locks applied with the flock(2) function. It will find locks applied with the fcntl(2) and lockf(3) functions.

Linux lslk will not report locks held by NFS clients. It may have difficulty reporting locks held on dynamic inodes (e.g., for the Win-95 file system type, smbfs).

Solaris lslk won’t find locks held on local Veritas VxFS files by local or remote processes.

FILES

	/dev/kmem		kernel virtual memory device
	/dev/mem		physical memory device

AUTHORS

Lslk was written by Victor A. Abell <abe [AT] purdue.edu> of the Purdue University Computing Center (PUCC).

Chris Eleveld <chris [AT] sector7.com> did the DEC OSF/1, Digital UNIX, Linux, and Tru64 UNIX ports.