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SYNOPSIS

echo /usr/bin/maildrop >/etc/courier/maildropfilter

mkdir $HOME/.mailfilters

vi $HOME/.mailfilters/rcptfilter $HOME/.mailfilters/rcptfilter-ext

vi $HOME/.mailfilters/smtpfilter $HOME/.mailfilters/smtpfilter-ext

chmod 700 $HOME/.mailfilters

chmod 600 $HOME/.mailfilters/*

DESCRIPTION

The maildrop mail filter can be used by the Courier mail server as a mail filtering engine, rejecting unwanted mail on a per-recipient basis.

The actual filtering interface used by the Courier mail server does not really require that maildrop must be used as a mail filtering engine, it just so happens that maildrop has a compatible interface that can be used right out of the box. The following brief information can be used to craft a homebrewed mail filter to take maildrop's place.

The local mail filter only works for addresses that correspond to local accounts. This filtering is not used if the recipient is a remote address on another mail server. The local mail filter is disabled by default. To enable local mail filtering you will need to initialize the /etc/courier/maildropfilter configuration file to contain the pathname to your local mail filter.

Local mail filtering is performed in two distinct phases:

Recipient filters

When the Courier mail server receives an address naming a local mail recipient, the local mail recipient's mail filter is executed before the Courier mail server acknowledges the address. The local mail filter tells the Courier mail server whether to: A) accept message unconditionally - the message is whitelisted; B) reject the message unconditionally - the Courier mail server tells the other mail server that the recipient address is invalid; or C) accept this recipient, but run the content mail filter, once the message's contents are available.

Content filters

After receiving the contents of the message, the mail filter is executed again for any recipients whose recipient filters used the third option. The content filter can now examine the contents of the message, and indicate whether the message should be accepted or rejected. Content filtering is not available for alias addresses.

It should be noted that mail filtering is executed as an integral part of receiving a message from a remote mail server. If the message is rejected, the Courier mail server refuses to accept the message for delivery.

The local mail filter will be invoked as follows:

HOME=$HOME FILTER -D uid/gid -M filter

The local mail filter will NOT be invoked as root, so if it needs to access files in the recipient's account, it must be installed setuid to root (as maildrop is installed by default).

"uid/gid" is the recipient account's system userid and group id, respectively. The recipient account's home directory is placed in the HOME environment variable, prior to running FILTER, and "filter" is set as follows:

rcptfilter

The mail filter is invoked initially when the remote mail server specifies this address as a recipient. FILTER should terminate with one of the following exit codes: 0 - this sender is acceptable; 99 - this sender is acceptable, but I want to run the content filter for this the message; any other non-zero exit code - the sender is not acceptable, reject the message.

smtpfilter

If FILTER terminates with exit code 99, FILTER runs again with this parameter set to the word smtpfilter. FILTER will be invoked once the message has been received from the remote mail server, but not yet acknowledged. If FILTER terminates with a non-zero exit code, the message is rejected. If FILTER terminated with the exit code of zero, the message is accepted.

rcptfilter-ext, smtpfilter-ext

If the recipient created sub-addresses - see dot-courier(5) [1] - a dash followed by the subaddress "ext" is appended to the name of the filter.

rcptfilter-alias-ext

This is how FILTER gets invoked if the address is a locally defined mail alias (ext is the alias name).

The rcptfilter invocation must terminate with a zero exit code when the message originates from a mailing list or any other source that should be considered as "whitelisted". This filtering model does not fit very well with some mail transfer protocols, so unless trusted sources are explicitly declared to be whitelisted, there is a remote possibility that the recipient will be removed from a mailing list because of a poorly-written mail filter from some other recipient of the same message. The 0 return exit code (which is the implied default if no mail filtering is installed) protects the recipient from being adversely affected, in any way, by anyone else's mail filter.

The mail filters may print a diagnostic message before rejecting a message. The diagnostic message will be returned to the sending mail relay, where possible.

The mail filters inherit environment variables that describe the incoming mail. The following environment variables are provided by default:

SENDER

The return address on the message.

TCPREMOTEHOST, TCPREMOTEIP

When the message is received via ESMTP, these variables specify the remote IP address and the corresponding hostname. Hostname is empty if the IP address does not have a reverse DNS record, or is set to "softdnserr" if there was a temporary failure while looking up this IP address.

BLOCK2

The default the Courier mail server configuration sets this environment variable if the remote IP address is listed in an unsecured relay blacklist. See /etc/courier/esmtpd for more information. Other environment variables may also be available. For mail received via ESMTP, environment variables are usually set in the /etc/courier/smtpaccess configuration file.

maildrop implementation
Maildrop implements this mail filtering API as follows:

$HOME/.mailfilters

This directory contains the filtering recipes. This directory, and its contents, cannot have any group or world permissions.

smtpfilter*, rcptfilter*

These mail filtering recipes directly correspond to the events defined in the previous section. Maildrop's "import" statement can be used to gain access to the environment variables (these mail filters are executed in maildrop's embedded mode). The mail filtering recipes can set the EXITCODE variable appropriately before terminating, in order to accept or reject the message.

See maildrop(1) [2] for more information.

Filtering mail to aliases
The /etc/courier/aliases configuration file is used to mail aliases, see makealiases(8) [3] . The system administrator may set aside a reserved local account that will be used to specify a local mail filter for messages addressed to aliases. The configuration file /etc/courier/aliasfilteracct specifies the home directory of the mail account that will be used to filter alias recipients.

For example, if /etc/courier/aliasfilteracct contains /home/admin, then the Courier mail server runs the mail filter as follows:

HOME=/home/admin FILTER -D uid/gid -M rcptfilter-alias-name

Here, "uid/gid" is owner uid and gid of the specified directory NOTE: "name" is a fully qualified address, and the local aliases listed in /etc/courier/aliases do not typically include the domain name. If defines an alias called "system", for example, the -M option will probably be "system [AT] example.com", if example.com is the contents of /etc/courier/me configuration file.

Unfortunately, currently it is not possible to specify content filters (a.k.a. smtpfilters) for aliases, only recipient filters.