NAME
fastrm - Quickly remove a list of files
SYNOPSIS
fastrm [-de] [-c|-cI] [-s|-sM] [-u|-uN] base-directory
DESCRIPTION
fastrm reads a list of either file names or storage API tokens, one per line, from its standard input and removes them. Storage API tokens are removed via the SMcancel() interface. fastrm does not delete files safely or with an eye to security, but rather cuts every corner it can to delete files as fast as it can. It should therefore never be run on publicly writable directories, or in any other environment where a hostile party may control the directory structure in which it is working.
If a file name is not an absolute path name, it is considered to be relative to base-directory as given on the command line. The base-directory parameter must be a simple absolute pathname (it must not contain multiple consecutive slashes or references to the special directories "." or "..").
fastrm is designed to be faster than the typical "| xargs rm" pipeline when given a sorted list of file names as input. For example, fastrm will usually chdir(2) into a directory before removing files from it, meaning that if its input is sorted, most names passed to unlink(2) will be simple names. This can substantially reduce the operating system overhead from directory lookups.
fastrm assumes that its input is valid and that it is safe to call unlink(2) on every file name it is given. As a safety measure, however, fastrm when running as root will check with stat(2) that a file name doesn’t specify a directory before removing it. (In some operating systems, root is allowed to unlink directories, even directories which aren’t empty, which can cause file system corruption.)
The input to fastrm should always be sorted -- or even better be in the order file names are output by find(1) -- if speed is an issue and the input isn’t solely storage API tokens. (It deals fine with unsorted input, but is unlikely to be any faster in that case than a simple "| xargs rm" command.) Sorting may even slightly speed up the removal of storage API tokens due to caching effects, since sorting will tend to keep all of the tokens from a particular storage method together.
Various additional optimizations for removing files can be turned on and/or tuned with options (see below). Which options will be most effective depends heavily on the underlying structure of the file system, the way in which directories are stored and searched, and similar, often underdocumented, operating system implementation details. The more sophisticated the underlying operating system and file system, the more likely that it will already perform the equivalent of these optimizations internally.
OPTIONS
-c[I]
Controls when fastrm calls chdir(2). If the number of files to be unlinked from a given directory is at least I, then fastrm will change to that directory before unlinking those files. Otherwise, it will use either the absolute path names or a path name relative to the current directory (whichever is likely more efficient). The I parameter is optional; if just -c is given, -c1 is assumed, which will cause fastrm to always chdir before calling unlink(2). The default is -c3. Use -c0 to prevent fastrm from ever using chdir(2).
|
-d |
Don’t remove any files. Instead, print a list of the files that would be removed to standard output. Each line contains either the current directory of fastrm at the time it would do the unlink and the relative path name it would pass to unlink(2) as two fields separated by whitespace and a "/", the absolute path name (as a single field) that would be passed to unlink(2), or the string "Token" and the storage API token that would be removed. | ||
|
-e |
Treat an empty input file as an error. This is most useful when fastrm is last in a pipeline after a preceding sort(1) command, ensuring that fastrm will fail if the sort fails. |
-s[M]
When -s is given and the number of files to remove in a directory is greater than M, rather than remove files in the order given, fastrm will open the directory and read it, unlinking files in the order that they appear in the directory. On systems with a per-process directory cache or that use a linear search to find files in a directory, this should make directory lookups faster. The M parameter is optional; if just -s is given, -s5 is assumed.
When this option is in effect, fastrm won’t attempt to remove files that it doesn’t see in the directory, possibly significantly speeding it up if most of the files to be removed have already been deleted. However, using this option requires fastrm to do more internal work and it also assumes that the order of directory listings is stable in the presence of calls to unlink(2) between calls to readdir(3). This may be a dangerous assumption with some sophisticated file systems (and in general this option is only useful with file systems that use unindexed linear searches to find files in directories or when most of the files to be removed have already been deleted).
This optimization is off by default.
-u[N]
Specifying this option promises that there are no symbolic links in the directory tree from which files are being removed. This allows fastrm to make an additional optimization to its calls to chdir(2), constructing a relative path using "../.." and the like to pass to chdir(2) rather than always using absolute paths. Since this reduces the number of directory lookups needed with deeply nested directory structures (such as that typically created by traditional news spool storage), it can be a significant optimization, but it breaks horribly in the presence of symbolic links to directories.
When -u is given, fastrm will use at most N levels of ".." segments to construct paths. N is optional; if just -u is given, -u1 is assumed.
This optimization is off by default.
fastrm also accepts -a and -r options, which do nothing at all except allow you to say "fastrm -usa", "fastrm -usr", or "fastrm -user". These happen to often be convenient sets of options to use.
EXIT STATUS
fastrm exits with a status of zero if there were no problems, and an exit status of 1 if something went wrong. Attempting to remove a file that does not exist is not considered a problem.
EXAMPLES
fastrm is typically invoked by INN via expirerm(8) using a command like:
fastrm -e <patharticles in inn.conf> < expire.list
To enable all optimizations and see the affect on the order of removal caused by -s, use:
fastrm -d -s -e -u <patharticles> < expire.list
If your file system has indexed directory lookups, but you have a deeply nested directory structure, you may want to use a set of flags like:
fastrm -e -u3 <patharticles> < expire.list
to strongly prefer relative paths but not to use readdir(2) to order the calls to unlink(2).
You may want to edit expirerm(8) to change the flags passed to fastrm.
WARNINGS
fastrm cuts corners and does not worry about security, so it does not use chdir(2) safely and could be tricked into removing files other than those that were intended if run on a specially constructed file tree or a file tree that is being modified while it is running. It should therefore never be used with world-writable directories or any other directory that might be controlled or modified by an attacker.
NOTES
fastrm defers opening the storage subsystem or attempting to parse any INN configuration files until it encounters a token in the list of files to remove. It’s therefore possible to use fastrm outside of INN as a general fast file removal program.
HISTORY
fastrm was originally written by <kre [AT] munnari.au>. This manual page was rewritten in POD by Russ Allbery <eagle [AT] eyrie.org> for InterNetNews.