NAME
dkio − disk control operations
SYNOPSIS
#include <sys/dkio.h>
#include <sys/vtoc.h>
DESCRIPTION
Disk drivers support a set of ioctl(2) requests for disk controller, geometry, and partition information. Basic to these ioctl() requests are the definitions in <sys/dkio.h>.
IOCTLS
The following
ioctl() requests set and/or retrieve the current disk
controller, partitions, or geometry information on all
architectures:
DKIOCINFO
The argument is a pointer to a dk_cinfo structure (described below). This structure tells the controller-type and attributes regarding bad-block processing done on the controller.
/*
* Structures and definitions for disk I/O control commands
*/
#define DK_DEVLEN 16 /* device name max length, */
/* including unit # and NULL */
/* Used for controller info */
struct dk_cinfo {
char dki_cname[DK_DEVLEN]; /* controller name */
/*(no unit #)*/
ushort_t dki_ctype; /* controller type */
ushort_t dki_flags; /* flags */
ushort_t dki_cnum; /* controller number */
uint_t dki_addr; /* controller address */
uint_t dki_space; /* controller bus type */
uint_t dki_prio; /* interrupt priority */
uint_t dki_vec; /* interrupt vector */
char dki_dname[DK_DEVLEN]; /* drive name (no unit #) */
uint_t dki_unit; /* unit number */
uint_t dki_slave; /* slave number */
ushort_t dki_partition; /* partition number */
ushort_t dki_maxtransfer; /* maximum transfer size */
/* in DEV_BSIZE */
};
/*
* Controller types
*/
#define DKC_UNKNOWN 0
#define DKC_CDROM 1 /* CD-ROM, SCSI or other */
#define DKC_WDC2880 2
#define DKC_XXX_0 3 /* unassigned */
#define DKC_XXX_1 4 /* unassigned */
#define DKC_DSD5215 5
#define DKC_ACB4000 7
#define DKC_XXX_2 9 /* unassigned */
#define DKC_NCRFLOPPY 10
#define DKC_SMSFLOPPY 12
#define DKC_SCSI_CCS 13 /* SCSI CCS compatible */
#define DKC_INTEL82072 14 /* native floppy chip */
#define DKC_MD 16 /* meta-disk (virtual-disk) */
/* driver */
#define DKC_INTEL82077 19 /* 82077 floppy disk */
/* controller */
#define DKC_DIRECT 20 /* Intel direct attached */
/* device (IDE) */
#define DKC_PCMCIA_MEM 21 /* PCMCIA memory disk-like */
/* type */
#define DKC_PCMCIA_ATA 22 /* PCMCIA AT Attached type */
/*
* Sun reserves up through 1023
*/
#define DKC_CUSTOMER_BASE 1024
/*
* Flags
*/
#define DKI_BAD144 0x01 /* use DEC std 144 */
/* bad sector fwding */
#define DKI_MAPTRK 0x02 /* controller does */
/* track mapping */
#define DKI_FMTTRK 0x04 /* formats only full
/* track at a time*/
#define DKI_FMTVOL 0x08 /* formats only full */
/* volume at a time*/
#define DKI_FMTCYL 0x10 /* formats only full */
/* cylinders at a time*/
#define DKI_HEXUNIT 0x20 /* unit number printed as */
/* 3 hexdigits */
#define DKI_PCMCIA_PFD 0x40 /* PCMCIA pseudo-floppy */
/* memory card */
*/
* Sun reserves up through 1023
*/
#define DKC_CUSTOMER_BASE 1024
/*
* Flags
*/
#define DKI_BAD144 0x01 /* use DEC std 144
/* bad sector fwding */
#define DKI_MAPTRK 0x02 /* controller does */
/* track mapping */
#define DKI_FMTTRK 0x04 /* formats only full
/* track at a time*/
#define DKI_FMTVOL 0x08 /* formats only full */
/* volume at a time*/
#define DKI_FMTCYL 0x10 /* formats only full */
/* cylinders at a time*/
#define DKI_HEXUNIT 0x20 /* unit number printed */
/* as 3 hex digits */
#define DKI_PCMCIA_PFD 0x40 /* PCMCIA pseudo-floppy*/
/* memory card */
DKIOCGAPART
The argument is a pointer to a dk_allmap structure (described below). This ioctl() gets the controller’s notion of the current partition table for disk drive.
DKIOCSAPART
The argument is a pointer to a dk_allmap structure (described below). This ioctl() sets the controller’s notion of the partition table without changing the disk itself.
/*
* Partition map (part of dk_label)
*/ struct dk_map {
daddr_t dkl_cylno; /* starting cylinder */
daddr_t dkl_nblk; /* number of blocks */
};
/*
* Used for all partitions
*/
struct dk_map {
struct dk_allmap {
struct dk_map dka_map[NDKMAP];
};
DKIOCGGEOM
The argument is a pointer to a dk_geom structure (described below). This ioctl() gets the controller’s notion of the current geometry of the disk drive.
DKIOCSGEOM
The argument is a pointer to a dk_geom structure (described below). This ioctl() sets the controller’s notion of the geometry without changing the disk itself.
DKIOCGVTOC
The argument is a pointer to a vtoc structure (described below). This ioctl() returns the device’s current volume table of contents (VTOC.)
DKIOCSVTOC
The argument is a pointer to a vtoc structure (described below). This ioctl() changes the VTOC associated with the device.
struct partition {
ushort_t p_tag; /* ID tag of partition */
ushort_t p_flag; /* permission flags */
daddr_t p_start; /* start sector of partition */
long p_size; /* # of blocks in partition */
};
If DKIOCSVTOC is used with a floppy diskette, the p_start field must be the first sector of a cylinder. To compute the number of sectors per cylinder, multiply the number of heads by the number of sectors per track.
struct vtoc {
unsigned long v_bootinfo[3]; /* info needed by mboot
/* (unsupported)*/
unsigned long v_sanity; /* to verify vtoc sanity */
unsigned long v_version; /* layout version */
char v_volume[LEN_DKL_VVOL]; /* volume name */
ushort_t v_sectorsz;
sector size in bytes*/
ushort_t v_nparts;
number of partitions*/
unsigned long v_reserved[10]; /* free space */
struct partition v_part[V_NUMPAR]; /* partition headers*/
time_t timestamp[V_NUMPAR]; /* partition timestamp
/* (unsupported)*/
char v_asciilabel[LEN_DKL_ASCII]; /* compatibility */
};
/*
* Partition permission flags
*/
#define V_UNMNT 0x01 /* Unmountable partition */
#define V_RONLY 0x10 /* Read only */
/*
* Partition identification tags
*/
#define V_UNASSIGNED 0x00 /* unassigned partition */
#define V_BOOT 0x01 /* Boot partition */
#define V_ROOT 0x02 /* Root filesystem */
#define V_SWAP 0x03 /* Swap filesystem */
#define V_USR 0x04 /* Usr filesystem */
#define V_BACKUP 0x05 /* full disk */
#define V_VAR 0x07 /* Var partition */
#define V_HOME 0x08 /* Home partition */
#define V_ALTSCTR 0x09 /* Alternate sector partition */
DKIOCEJECT
If the drive supports removable media, this ioctl() requests the disk drive to eject its disk.
DKIOCREMOVABLE
The argument to this ioctl() is an integer. After successful completion, this ioctl() will set that integer to a non-zero value if the drive in question has removable media. If the media is not removable, that integer will be set to 0.
DKIOCSTATE
This ioctl() blocks until the state of the drive, inserted or ejected, is changed. The argument is a pointer to a dkio_state, enum, whose possible enumerations are listed below. The initial value should be either the last reported state of the drive, or DKIO_NONE. Upon return, the enum pointed to by the argument is updated with the current state of the drive.
enum dkio_state {
DKIO_NONE, /* Return disk’s current state */
DKIO_EJECTED, /* Disk state is ’ejected’ */
DKIO_INSERTED /* Disk state is ’inserted’ */
};
DKIOCLOCK
For devices with removable media, this ioctl() requests the disk drive to lock the door.
DKIOCUNLOCK
For devices with removable media, this ioctl() requests the disk drive to unlock the door.
DKIOCGMEDIAINFO
The argument to this ioctl() is a pointer to a dk_minfo structure. The structure indicates the type of media or the command set profile used by the drive to operate on the media. The dk_minfo structure also indicates the logical media blocksize the drive uses as the basic unit blocksize of operation and the raw formatted capacity of the media in number of logical blocks.
/*
* Used for media info or profile info
*/
struct dk_minfo {
uint_t dki_media_type; /* Media type or profile info */
uint_t dki_lbsize; /* Logical blocksize of media */
diskaddr_t dki_capacity; /* Capacity as # of dki_lbsize blks */
};
/*
* Media types or profiles known
*/
#define DK_UNKNOWN 0x00 /* Media inserted - type unknown */
/*
* SFF 8090 Specification Version 3, media types 0x01 - 0xfffe are retained to
* maintain compatibility with SFF8090. The following define the
* optical media type.
*/
#define DK_MO_ERASABLE 0x03 /* MO Erasable */
#define DK_MO_WRITEONCE 0x04 /* MO Write once */
#define DK_AS_MO 0x05 /* AS MO */
#define DK_CDROM 0x08 /* CDROM */
#define DK_CDR 0x09 /* CD-R */
#define DK_CDRW 0x0A /* CD-RW */
#define DK_DVDROM 0x10 /* DVD-ROM */
#define DK_DVDR 0x11 /* DVD-R */
#define DK_DVDRAM 0x12 /* DVD_RAM or DVD-RW */
/*
* Media types for other rewritable magnetic media
*/
#define DK_FIXED_DISK 0x10001 /* Fixed disk SCSI or otherwise */
#define DK_FLOPPY 0x10002 /* Floppy media */
#define DK_ZIP 0x10003 /* IOMEGA ZIP media */
#define DK_JAZ 0x10004 /* IOMEGA JAZ media */
If the media exists and the host can obtain a current profile list, the command will succeed and return the dk_minfo structure with data representing that media.
If there is no media in the drive, the command will fail and the host will return an ENXIO error, indicating that it cannot gather the information requested.
If the profile list is not available, the host will attempt to identify the media-type based on the available information.
If
identification is not possible, the host will return media
type DK_UNKNOWN. See NOTES for blocksize usage
and capacity information.
DKIOCSMBOOT
The argument is a pointer to struct mboot.
Copies the mboot information supplied in the argument to the absolute sector 0 of the device. Prior to copying the information, this ioctl() performs the following checks on the mboot data:
|
• |
Ensures that the signature field is set to 0xAA55. | ||
|
• |
Ensures that partitions do not overlap. | ||
|
• |
On SPARC platforms, determines if the device is a removable media. |
If the above verification fails, errno will be set to EINVAL and the ioctl() command will fail.
IA Platforms — Upon successful write of mboot, the partition map structure maintained in the driver is updated. If the new Solaris partition is different from the previous one, the internal VTOC table maintained in the driver will be set as follows:
If _SUNOS_VTOC_8 is defined:
If _SUNOS_VTOC_16 is defined:
To determine if the Solaris partition has changed:
If either offset or the size of the Solaris partition is different from the previous one then it shall be deemed to have changed. In all other cases, the internal VTOC info will remain as before.
SPARC Platforms — The VTOC label and mboot both occupy the same location, namely sector 0. As a result, following the successful write of mboot info, the internal VTOC table maintained in the driver will be set as follows:
See the NOTES section for usage of DKIOCSMBOOT when modifying Solaris partitions.
DKIOCGMBOOT
The argument is a pointer to struct mboot. The 512 bytes of absolute sector 0 of the device is copied to the mboot structure pointed to by the argument.
RETURN
VALUES
Upon successful completion, the value returned is 0.
Otherwise, -1 is returned and errno is set to
indicate the error.
IA Only
The following ioctl() requests set and/or retrieve
the current disk controller, partitions, or geometry
information on IA architecture.
DKIOCG_PHYGEOM
The argument is a pointer to a dk_geom structure (described below). This ioctl() gets the driver’s notion of the physical geometry of the disk drive. It is functionally identical to the DKIOCGGEOM ioctl().
DKIOCG_VIRTGEOM
The argument is a pointer to a dk_geom structure (described below). This ioctl() gets the controller’s (and hence the driver’s) notion of the virtual geometry of the disk drive. Virtual geometry is a view of the disk geometry maintained by the firmware in a host bus adapter or disk controller. If the disk is larger than 8 Gbytes, this ioctl will fail because a CHS-based geometry is not relevant or useful for this drive.
/*
* Definition of a disk’s geometry
*/
*/struct dk_geom {
unsigned shor dkg_ncyl; /* # of data cylinders */
unsigned shor dkg_acyl; /* # of alternate cylinders */
unsigned short dkg_bcyl; /* cyl offset (for fixed head area) */
unsigned short dkg_nhead; /* # of heads */
unsigned short dkg_obs1; /* obsolete */
unsigned short dkg_nsect; /* # of sectors per track*/
unsigned short dkg_intrlv; /* interleave factor */
unsigned short dkg_obs2; /* obsolete */
unsigned short dkg_obs3; /* obsolete */
unsigned short dkg_apc; /* alternates per cylinder */
/* (SCSI only) */
unsigned short dkg_rpm; /* revolutions per min*/
unsigned short dkg_pcyl; /* # of physical cylinders */
unsigned short dkg_write_reinstruct; /* # sectors to skip, writes*/
unsigned short dkg_read_reinstruct; /* # sectors to skip, reads*/
unsigned short dkg_extra[7]; /* for compatible expansion*/
};
#define dkg_gap1 dkg_extra[0] /* for application compatibility*/
#define dkg_gap2 dkg_extra[1] /* for application compatibility*/
DKIOCADDBAD
This ioctl() forces the driver to re-examine the alternates slice and rebuild the internal bad block map accordingly. It should be used whenever the alternates slice is changed by any method other than the addbadsec(1M) or format(1M) utilities. DKIOCADDBAD can only be used for software remapping on IDE drives; SCSI drives use hardware remapping of alternate sectors.
DKIOCPARTINFO
The argument is a pointer to a part_info structure (described below). This ioctl() gets the driver’s notion of the size and extent of the partition or slice indicated by the file descriptor argument.
/*
* Used by applications to get partition or slice information
*/
struct part_info {
daddr_t p_start;
int p_length;
};
SEE ALSO
fdisk(1M), format(1M), ioctl(2), sd(7D), cdio(7I), fdio(7I), hdio(7I)
IA Only
addbadsec(1M), cmdk(7D)
NOTES
Blocksize information provided in DKIOCGMEDIAINFO is the size (in bytes) of the device’s basic unit of operation and may differ from the blocksize that the Solaris operating environment exports to the user. Capacity information provided in the DKIOCGMEDIAINFO are for reference only and you are advised to use the values returned by DKIOCGGEOM or other appropriate ioctl for accessing data using the standard interfaces.
IA only: If the DKIOCSMBOOT command is used to modify the Solaris partitions, the VTOC information should also be set appropriately to reflect the the changes to partition. Failure to do so will lead to unexpected results when the device is closed and re-opened fresh at a later time. This is because a default VTOC is assumed by driver when a Solaris partition is changed. The default VTOC will persist until the ioctl DKIOCSVTOC is called to modify VTOC or the device is closed and re-opened. At that point, the old valid VTOC will be read from the disk if it is still available.