NAME
sysinstall — system installation and configuration tool
SYNOPSIS
sysinstall [var=value] [function] [...]
DESCRIPTION
The sysinstall utility is used for installing and configuring FreeBSD systems. It is the first utility invoked by the FreeBSD installation boot floppy and is also available as /usr/sbin/sysinstall on newly installed FreeBSD systems for use in later configuring the system.
The sysinstall utility is generally invoked without arguments for the default behavior, where the main installation/configuration menu is presented.
On those occasions where it is deemed necessary to invoke a subsystem of sysinstall directly, however, it is also possible to do so by naming the appropriate function entry points on the command line. Since this action is essentially identical to running an installation script, each command-line argument corresponding to a line of script, the reader is encouraged to read the section on scripting for more information on this feature.
NOTES
The sysinstall utility is essentially nothing more than a monolithic C program with the ability to write MBRs and disk labels (through the services of the libdisk(3) library) and install distributions or packages onto new and existing FreeBSD systems. It also contains some extra intelligence for running as a replacement for init(8) when it’s invoked by the FreeBSD installation boot procedure. It assumes very little in the way of additional utility support and performs most file system operations by calling the relevant syscalls (such as mount(2)) directly.
The sysinstall utility currently uses the dialog(3) library to do user interaction with simple ANSI line graphics, color support for which is enabled by either running on a syscons VTY or some other color-capable terminal emulator (newer versions of xterm will support color when using the ’’xterm-color’’ termcap entry).
This product is currently at the end of its life cycle and will eventually be replaced.
RUNNING SCRIPTS
The sysinstall utility may be either driven interactively through its various internal menus or run in batch mode, driven by an external script. Such a script may be loaded and executed in one of 3 ways:
LOAD_CONFIG_FILE
If sysinstall is compiled with LOAD_CONFIG_FILE set in the environment (or in the Makefile) to some value, then that value will be used as the filename to automatically look for and load when sysinstall starts up and with no user interaction required. This option is aimed primarily at large sites who wish to create a single prototype install for multiple machines with largely identical configurations and/or installation options.
MAIN MENU
If sysinstall is run interactively, that is to say in the default manner, it will bring up a main menu which contains a "load config file" option. Selecting this option will prompt for the name of a script file which it then will attempt to load from a DOS or UFS formatted floppy.
COMMAND LINE
Each command line argument is treated as a script directive when sysinstall is run in multi-user mode. Execution ends either by explicit request (e.g. calling the shutdown directive), upon reaching the end of the argument list or on error.
For example:
/usr/sbin/sysinstall _ftpPath=ftp://ziggy/pub/ mediaSetFTP configPackages
Would initialize sysinstall for FTP installation media (using the server ’ziggy’) and then bring up the package installation editor, exiting when finished.
SCRIPT SYNTAX
A script is a list of one or more directives, each directive taking the form of:
var=value
function
or #somecomment
Where var=value is the assignment of some internal sysinstall variable, e.g. "ftpPass=FuNkYChiKn", and function is the name of an internal sysinstall function, e.g. "mediaSetFTP", and #comment is a single-line comment for documentation purposes (ignored by sysinstall). Each directive must be by itself on a single line, functions taking their arguments by examining known variable names. This requires that you be sure to assign the relevant variables before calling a function which requires them.
The noError variable can be assigned before each directive: this will cause any error detected while processing the directive itself to be ignored. The value of noError will automatically reset to the default "unassigned" every time a directive is processed.
When and where a function depends on the settings of one or more variables will be noted in the following table:
Function Glossary:
configAnonFTP
Invoke the Anonymous FTP configuration menu.
Variables: None
configRouter
Select which routing daemon you wish to use, potentially loading any required 3rd-party routing daemons as necessary.
Variables:
router
can be set to the name of the desired routing daemon, e.g. ’’routed’’ or ’’gated’’, otherwise it is prompted for.
configNFSServer
Configure host as an NFS server.
Variables: None
configNTP
Configure host as a user of the Network Time Protocol.
Variables:
ntpdate_flags
The flags to ntpdate(8), that is to say the name of the server to sync from.
configPCNFSD
Configure host to support PC NFS.
Variables:
pcnfsd_pkg
The name of the PCNFSD package to load if necessary (defaults to hard coded version).
configPackages
Bring up the interactive package management menu.
Variables: None
configUsers
Add users and/or groups to the system.
Variables: None
diskPartitionEditor
Invokes the disk partition (MBR) editor.
Variables:
geometry
The disk geometry, as a cyls/heads/sectors formatted string. Default: no change to geometry.
partition
Set to disk partitioning type or size, its value being free in order to use only remaining free space for FreeBSD, all to use the entire disk for FreeBSD but maintain a proper partition table, existing to use an existing FreeBSD partition (first found), exclusive to use the disk in ’’dangerously dedicated’’ mode or, finally, somenumber to allocate somenumber blocks of available free space to a new FreeBSD partition. Default: Interactive mode.
bootManager
is set to one of boot to signify the installation of a boot manager, standard to signify installation of a "standard" non-boot MGR DOS MBR or none to indicate that no change to the boot manager is desired. Default: none.
diskInteractive
If set, bring up the interactive disk partition editor.
Note: Nothing is actually written to disk by this function, an explicit call to diskPartitionWrite being required for that to happen.
diskPartitionWrite
Causes any pending MBR changes (typically from the diskPartitionEditor function) to be written out.
Variables: None
diskLabelEditor
Invokes the disk label editor. This is a bit trickier from a script since you need to essentially label everything inside each FreeBSD (type 0xA5) partition created by the diskPartitionEditor function, and that requires knowing a few rules about how things are laid out. When creating a script to automatically allocate disk space and partition it up, it is suggested that you first perform the installation interactively at least once and take careful notes as to what the slice names will be, then and only then hardwiring them into the script.
For example, let’s say you have a SCSI disk on which you’ve created a new FreeBSD partition in slice 2 (your DOS partition residing in slice 1). The slice name would be da0s2 for the whole FreeBSD partition (da0s1 being your DOS primary partition). Now let’s further assume that you have 500MB in this partition and you want to sub-partition that space into root, swap, var and usr file systems for FreeBSD. Your invocation of the diskLabelEditor function might involve setting the following variables:
da0s2-1=ufs 40960 /
A 20MB root file system (all sizes are in 512 byte blocks).
da0s2-2=swap 131072 /
A 64MB swap partition.
da0s2-3=ufs 204800 /var
A 100MB /var file system.
da0s2-4=ufs 0 /usr 1
With the balance of free space (around 316MB) going to the /usr file system and with soft-updates enabled (the argument following the mount point, if non-zero, means to set the soft updates flag).
One can also use the diskLabelEditor for mounting or erasing existing partitions as well as creating new ones. Using the previous example again, let’s say that we also wanted to mount our DOS partition and make sure that an /etc/fstab entry is created for it in the new installation. Before calling the diskLabelEditor function, we simply add an additional line:
da0s1=/dos_c N
before the call. This tells the label editor that you want to mount the first slice on /dos_c and not to attempt to newfs it (not that sysinstall would attempt this for a DOS partition in any case, but it could just as easily be an existing UFS partition being named here and the 2nd field is non-optional).
You can also set the diskInteractive variable to request that the disk label editor use an interactive dialog to partition the disk instead of using variables to explicitly layout the disk as described above.
Note: No file system data is actually written to disk until an explicit call to diskLabelCommit is made.
diskLabelCommit
Writes out all pending disklabel information and creates and/or mounts any file systems which have requests pending from the diskLabelEditor function.
Variables: None
distReset
Resets all selected distributions to the empty set (no distributions selected).
Variables: None
distSetCustom
Allows the selection of a custom distribution set (e.g. not just one of the existing "canned" sets) with no user interaction.
Variables:
dists
List of distributions to load. Possible distribution values are:
base
The base binary distribution.
doc
Miscellaneous documentation
games
Games
manpages
Manual pages (unformatted)
catpages
Pre-formatted manual pages
proflibs
Profiled libraries for developers.
dict
Dictionary information (for tools like spell).
info
GNU info files and other extra docs.
compat1x
Compatibility with FreeBSD 1.x
compat20
Compatibility with FreeBSD 2.0
compat21
Compatibility with FreeBSD 2.1
compat22
FreeBSD 2.2 and FreeBSD 3.0 a.out binary compatibility
compat3x
Compatibility with FreeBSD 3.x (available for FreeBSD 4.0 systems only)
compat4x
Compatibility with FreeBSD 4.x (available for FreeBSD 5.0 systems only)
ports
The ports collection.
ssecure
/usr/src/secure
sbase
/usr/src/[top level files]
scontrib
/usr/src/contrib
sgnu
/usr/src/gnu
setc
/usr/src/etc
sgames
/usr/src/games
sinclude
/usr/src/include
skrb5
/usr/src/kerberos5
slib
/usr/src/lib
slibexec
/usr/src/libexec
srelease
/usr/src/release
srescue
/usr/src/rescue
sbin
/usr/src/bin
ssbin
/usr/src/sbin
sshare
/usr/src/share
ssys
/usr/src/sys
subin
/usr/src/usr.bin
susbin
/usr/src/usr.sbin
ssmailcf
/usr/src/usr.sbin/sendmail/cf
Xbin
X.Org client applications.
Xlib
X.Org libraries.
Xman
X.Org manual pages.
Xdoc
X.Org protocol and library documentation.
Xprog
X.Org imake distribution.
Xsrv
X.Org X server.
Xnest
X.Org nested X server.
Xprt
X.Org print server.
Xvfb
X.Org virtual frame-buffer X server.
Xfmsc
X.Org miscellaneous font set.
Xf75
X.Org 75DPI font set.
Xf100
X.Org 100DPI font set.
Xfcyr
X.Org Cyrillic font set.
Xft1
X.Org Type 1 font set.
Xftt
X.Org TrueType font set.
Xfs
X.Org font server.
distSetDeveloper
Selects the standard Developer’s distribution set.
Variables: None
distSetXDeveloper
Selects the standard X Developer’s distribution set.
Variables: None
distSetKernDeveloper
Selects the standard kernel Developer’s distribution set.
Variables: None
distSetUser
Selects the standard user distribution set.
Variables: None
distSetXUser
Selects the standard X user’s distribution set.
Variables: None
distSetMinimum
Selects the very minimum distribution set.
Variables: None
distSetEverything
Selects the full whack - all available distributions.
Variables: None
distSetSrc
Interactively select source subcomponents.
Variables: None
distSetXOrg
Interactively select X.Org subcomponents.
Variables: None
distExtractAll
Install all currently selected distributions (requires that media device also be selected).
Variables: None
docBrowser
Install (if necessary) an HTML documentation browser and go to the HTML documentation submenu.
Variables:
browserPackage
The name of the browser package to try and install as necessary. Defaults to latest links package.
browserBinary
The name of the browser binary itself (if overriding the browserPackage variable). Defaults to links.
installCommit
Commit any and all pending changes to disk. This function is essentially shorthand for a number of more granular "commit" functions.
Variables: None
installExpress
Start an "express" installation, asking few questions of the user.
Variables: None
installStandard
Start a "standard" installation, the most user-friendly installation type available.
Variables: None
installUpgrade
Start an upgrade installation.
Variables: None
installFixitHoloShell
Start up the "emergency holographic shell" over on VTY4 if running as init. This will also happen automatically as part of the installation process unless noHoloShell is set.
Variables: None
installFixitCDROM
Go into "fixit" mode, assuming a live file system CDROM currently in the drive.
Variables: None
installFixitFloppy
Go into "fixit" mode, assuming an available fixit floppy disk (user will be prompted for it).
Variables: None
installFilesystems
Do just the file system initialization part of an install.
Variables: None
installVarDefaults
Initialize all variables to their defaults, overriding any previous settings.
Variables: None
loadConfig
Sort of like an #include statement, it allows you to load one configuration file from another.
Variables:
configFile
The fully qualified pathname of the file to load.
mediaClose
If a media device is open, close it.
Variables: None
mediaSetCDROM
Select a FreeBSD CDROM as the installation media.
Variables: None
mediaSetFloppy
Select a pre-made floppy installation set as the installation media.
Variables: None
mediaSetDOS
Select an existing DOS primary partition as the installation media. The first primary partition found is used (e.g. C:).
Variables: None
mediaSetTape
Select a tape device as the installation media.
Variables: None
mediaSetFTP
Select an FTP site as the installation media.
Variables:
hostname
The name of the host being installed (non-optional).
domainname
The domain name of the host being installed (optional).
defaultrouter
The default router for this host (non-optional).
netDev
Which host interface to use (ed0 or ep0, for example. Non-optional).
netInteractive
If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional).
ipaddr
The IP address for the selected host interface (non-optional).
netmask
The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional).
_ftpPath
The fully qualified URL of the FTP site containing the FreeBSD distribution you’re interested in, e.g. ftp://ftp.FreeBSD.org/pub/FreeBSD/.
mediaSetFTPActive
Alias for mediaSetFTP using "active" FTP transfer mode.
Variables: Same as for mediaSetFTP.
mediaSetFTPPassive
Alias for mediaSetFTP using "passive" FTP transfer mode.
Variables: Same as for mediaSetFTP.
mediaSetHTTP
Alias for mediaSetFTP using an HTTP proxy.
Variables: See mediaSetFTP, plus
_httpPath
The proxy to use (host:port) (non-optional).
mediaSetUFS
Select an existing UFS partition (mounted with the label editor) as the installation media.
Variables:
ufs
full /path to directory containing the FreeBSD distribution you’re interested in.
mediaSetNFS
Variables:
hostname
The name of the host being installed (non-optional).
domainname
The domain name of the host being installed (optional).
defaultrouter
The default router for this host (non-optional).
netDev
Which host interface to use (ed0 or ep0, for example. Non-optional).
netInteractive
If set, bring up the interactive network setup form even if all relevant configuration variables are already set (optional).
ipaddr
The IP address for the selected host interface (non-optional).
netmask
The netmask for the selected host interface (non-optional).
nfs
full hostname:/path specification for directory containing the FreeBSD distribution you’re interested in.
mediaSetFTPUserPass
Variables:
ftpUser
The username to log in as on the ftp server site. Default: ftp
ftpPass
The password to use for this username on the ftp server site. Default: user@host
mediaSetCPIOVerbosity
Variables:
cpioVerbose
Can be used to set the verbosity of cpio extractions to low, medium or high.
mediaGetType
Interactively get the user to specify some type of media.
Variables: None
optionsEditor
Invoke the interactive options editor.
Variables: None
packageAdd
Try to fetch and add a package to the system (requires that a media type be set),
Variables:
package
The name of the package to add, e.g. bash-1.14.7 or ncftp-2.4.2.
addGroup
Invoke the interactive group editor.
Variables: None
addUser
Invoke the interactive user editor.
Variables: None
shutdown
Stop the script and terminate sysinstall.
Variables: None
system
Execute an arbitrary command with system(3)
Variables:
command
The name of the command to execute. When running from a boot floppy, very minimal expectations should be made as to what’s available until/unless a relatively full system installation has just been done.
tcpMenuSelect
Configure a network device.
Variables: Same as for mediaSetFTP except that _ftpPath is not used.
DISTRIBUTION MEDIA
The following files can be used to affect the operation of sysinstall when used during initial system installation.
cdrom.inf
A text file of properties, listed one per line, that describe the contents of the media in use. The syntax for each line is simply ’’property = value’’. Currently, only the following properties are recognized.
CD_VERSION
This property should be set to the FreeBSD version on the current media volume. For example, ’’CD_VERSION = 4.6’’.
CD_MACHINE_ARCH
This property should be set to the architecture of the contents on this volume. This property is normally only used with FreeBSD products that contain CDs for different architectures, to provide better error messages if users try to install Alpha packages on an i386 machine. For example, ’’CD_MACHINE_ARCH = alpha’’.
VOLUME
In a multi-volume collection (such as the FreeBSD 4-CD set), the ports/INDEX file on each disc should contain the full package index for the set. The last field of the INDEX file denotes which volume the package appears on, and the VOLUME property here defines the volume ID of the current disc.
packages/INDEX
The package index file. Each package is listed on a separate line with additional meta-data such as the required dependencies. This index is generated by ’’make index’’ from the ports(7) collection. When multi-volume support is enabled, an additional field should be added to each line indicating which media volume contains the given package.
For information about building a full release of FreeBSD, please see release(7).
FILES
This utility may edit the contents of /etc/rc.conf, /etc/hosts, and /etc/resolv.conf as necessary to reflect changes in the network configuration.
SEE ALSO
If you have a reasonably complete source tree online, take a look at /usr/src/usr.sbin/sysinstall/install.cfg for a sample installation script.
BUGS
This utility is a prototype which lasted several years past its expiration date and is greatly in need of death.
AUTHORS
Jordan K. Hubbard <jkh [AT] FreeBSD.org>
HISTORY
This version of sysinstall first appeared in FreeBSD 2.0.
BSD August 9, 1997 BSD