NAME
pfctl — control the packet filter (PF) and network address translation (NAT) device
SYNOPSIS
pfctl [−AdeghNnOqRrvz] [−a anchor[:ruleset]] [−D macro=value] [−F modifier] [−f file] [−i interface] [−k host] [−p device] [−s modifier] [−T command [address ...]] [−t table] [−x level]
DESCRIPTION
The pfctl utility communicates with the packet filter device using the ioctl interface described in pf(4). It allows ruleset and parameter configuration and retrieval of status information from the packet filter.
Packet filtering restricts the types of packets that pass through network interfaces entering or leaving the host based on filter rules as described in pf.conf(5). The packet filter can also replace addresses and ports of packets. Replacing source addresses and ports of outgoing packets is called NAT (Network Address Translation) and is used to connect an internal network (usually reserved address space) to an external one (the Internet) by making all connections to external hosts appear to come from the gateway. Replacing destination addresses and ports of incoming packets is used to redirect connections to different hosts and/or ports. A combination of both translations, bidirectional NAT, is also supported. Translation rules are described in pf.conf(5).
When the variable pf is set to YES in rc.conf(8), the rule file specified with the variable pf_rules is loaded automatically by the rc(8) scripts and the packet filter is enabled.
The packet filter does not itself forward packets between interfaces. Forwarding can be enabled by setting the sysctl(8) variables net.inet.ip.forwarding and/or net.inet6.ip6.forwarding, to 1. Set them permanently in sysctl.conf(5).
The pfctl utility provides several commands. The options are as follows:
−A
Load only the queue rules present in the rule file. Other rules and options are ignored.
−a anchor[:ruleset]
Apply flags −f, −F and −s only to the rules in the specified anchor and optional named ruleset ruleset. In addition to the main ruleset, pfctl can load and manipulate additional rulesets by name. Named rulesets are attached at anchor points, which are also referenced by name. Evaluation of anchor rules from the main ruleset is described in pf.conf(5). For example, to show all filter rules inside anchor foo:
# pfctl -a foo -s rules
Private tables can also be put inside subrulesets, either by having table statements in the pf.conf(5) file that is loaded in the anchor, or by using regular table commands as in:
# pfctl -a foo:bar -t mytable -T add 1.2.3.4 5.6.7.8
When a rule referring to a table is loaded in an anchor, the rule will use the private table if one is defined, and then fallback to the table defined in the main ruleset, if there is one. This is similar to C rules for variables. It is possible to create distinct tables with the same name in the global ruleset and in an anchor, but this is often bad design and a warning will be issued in that case.
−D macro=value
Define macro to be set to value on the command line. Overrides the definition of macro in the ruleset.
−d
Disable the packet filter.
−e
Enable the packet filter.
−F modifier
Flush the filter parameters specified by modifier (may be abbreviated):
−F nat
Flush the NAT rules.
−F queue
Flush the queue rules.
−F rules
Flush the filter rules.
−F state
Flush the state table (NAT and filter).
−F Sources
Flush the source tracking table.
−F info
Flush the filter information (statistics that are not bound to rules).
−F Tables
Flush the tables.
−F osfp
Flush the passive operating system fingerprints.
−F all
Flush all of the above.
−f file
Load the rules contained in file. This file may contain macros, tables, options, and normalization, queueing, translation, and filtering rules. With the exception of macros and tables, the statements must appear in that order.
−g
Include output helpful for debugging.
−h
Help.
−i interface
Restrict the operation to the given interface.
−k host
Kill all of the state entries originating from the specified host. A second −k host option may be specified, which will kill all the state entries from the first host to the second host. For example, to kill all of the state entries originating from host:
# pfctl -k host
To kill all of the state entries from host1 to host2:
# pfctl -k host1 -k host2
−N
Load only the NAT rules present in the rule file. Other rules and options are ignored.
−n
Do not actually load rules, just parse them.
−O
Load only the options present in the rule file. Other rules and options are ignored.
−p device
Use the device file device instead of the default /dev/pf.
−q
Only print errors and warnings.
−R
Load only the filter rules present in the rule file. Other rules and options are ignored.
−r
Perform reverse DNS lookups on states when displaying them.
−s modifier
Show the filter parameters specified by modifier (may be abbreviated):
−s nat
Show the currently loaded NAT rules.
−s queue
Show the currently loaded queue rules. When used together with −v, per-queue statistics are also shown. When used together with −v −v, pfctl will loop and show updated queue statistics every five seconds, including measured bandwidth and packets per second.
−s rules
Show the currently loaded filter rules. When used together with −v, the per-rule statistics (number of evaluations, packets and bytes) are also shown. Note that the ’skip step’ optimization done automatically by the kernel will skip evaluation of rules where possible. Packets passed statefully are counted in the rule that created the state (even though the rule isn’t evaluated more than once for the entire connection).
−s Anchors
Show the currently loaded anchors. If −a anchor is specified as well, the named rulesets currently loaded in the specified anchor are shown instead.
−s state
Show the contents of the state table.
−s Sources
Show the contents of the source tracking table.
−s info
Show filter information (statistics and counters). When used together with −v, source tracking statistics are also shown.
−s labels
Show per-rule statistics (label, evaluations, packets, bytes) of filter rules with labels, useful for accounting.
−s timeouts
Show the current global timeouts.
−s memory
Show the current pool memory hard limits.
−s Tables
Show the list of tables.
−s osfp
Show the list of operating system fingerprints.
−s Interfaces
Show the list of interfaces and interface drivers available to PF. When used together with a double −v, interface statistics are also shown. −i can be used to select an interface or a group of interfaces.
−s all
Show all of the above, except for the lists of interfaces and operating system fingerprints.
−T command [address ...]
Specify the command (may be abbreviated) to apply to the table. Commands include:
−T kill
Kill a table.
−T flush
Flush all addresses of a table.
−T add
Add one or more addresses in a table. Automatically create a nonexisting table.
−T delete
Delete one or more addresses from a table.
−T replace
Replace the addresses of the table. Automatically create a nonexisting table.
−T show
Show the content (addresses) of a table.
−T test
Test if the given addresses match a table.
−T zero
Clear all the statistics of a table.
−T load
Load only the table definitions from pf.conf(5). This is used in conjunction with the −f flag, as in:
# pfctl -Tl -f pf.conf
For the add, delete, replace and test commands, the list of addresses can be specified either directly on the command line and/or in an unformatted text file, using the −f flag. Comments starting with a "#" are allowed in the text file. With these commands, the −v flag can also be used once or twice, in which case pfctl will print the detailed result of the operation for each individual address, prefixed by one of the following letters:
A
The address/network has been added.
C
The address/network has been changed (negated).
D
The address/network has been deleted.
M
The address matches (test operation only).
X
The address/network is duplicated and therefore ignored.
Y
The address/network cannot be added/deleted due to conflicting "!" attribute.
Z
The address/network has been cleared (statistics).
Each table maintains a set of counters that can be retrieved using the −v flag of pfctl. For example, the following commands define a wide open firewall which will keep track of packets going to or coming from the OpenBSD ftp server. The following commands configure the firewall and send 10 pings to the ftp server:
# printf
"table <test> { ftp.openbsd.org }\n \
pass out to <test> keep state\n" | pfctl -f-
# ping -qc10 ftp.openbsd.org
We can now use the table show command to output, for each address and packet direction, the number of packets and bytes that are being passed or blocked by rules referencing the table. The time at which the current accounting started is also shown with the Cleared line.
# pfctl -t test
-vTshow
129.128.5.191
Cleared: Thu Feb 13 18:55:18 2003
In/Block: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ]
In/Pass: [ Packets: 10 Bytes: 840 ]
Out/Block: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ]
Out/Pass: [ Packets: 10 Bytes: 840 ]
Similarly, it is possible to view global information about the tables by using the −v modifier twice and the show Tables command. This will display the number of addresses on each table, the number of rules which reference the table, and the global packet statistics for the whole table:
# pfctl
-vvsTables
--a-r- test
Addresses: 1
Cleared: Thu Feb 13 18:55:18 2003
References: [ Anchors: 0 Rules: 1 ]
Evaluations: [ NoMatch: 3496 Match: 1 ]
In/Block: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ]
In/Pass: [ Packets: 10 Bytes: 840 ]
In/XPass: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ]
Out/Block: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ]
Out/Pass: [ Packets: 10 Bytes: 840 ]
Out/XPass: [ Packets: 0 Bytes: 0 ]
As we can see here, only one packet − the initial ping request − matched the table; but all packets passing as the result of the state are correctly accounted for. Reloading the table(s) or ruleset will not affect packet accounting in any way. The two XPass counters are incremented instead of the Pass counters when a "stateful" packet is passed but doesn’t match the table anymore. This will happen in our example if someone flushes the table while the ping command is running.
When used with a single −v, pfctl will only display the first line containing the table flags and name. The flags are defined as follows:
c
For constant tables, which cannot be altered outside pf.conf(5).
p
For persistent tables, which don’t get automatically flushed when no rules refer to them.
a
For tables which are part of the active tableset. Tables without this flag do not really exist, cannot contain addresses, and are only listed if the −g flag is given.
i
For tables which are part of the inactive tableset. This flag can only be witnessed briefly during the loading of pf.conf(5).
r
For tables which are referenced (used) by rules.
h
This flag is set when a table in the main ruleset is hidden by one or more tables of the same name in sub-rulesets (anchors).
−t table
Specify the name of the table.
−v
Produce more verbose output. A second use of −v will produce even more verbose output including ruleset warnings. See previous section for its effect on table commands.
−x level
Set the debug level (may be abbreviated) to one of the following:
−x none
Don’t generate debug messages.
−x urgent
Generate debug messages only for serious errors.
−x misc
Generate debug messages for various errors.
−x loud
Generate debug messages for common conditions.
−z
Clear per-rule statistics.
FILES
/etc/pf.conf
Packet filter rules file.
SEE ALSO
pf(4), pf.conf(5), pf.os(5), sysctl.conf(5), ftp-proxy(8), rc(8), rc.conf(8), sysctl(8)
HISTORY
The pfctl program and the pf(4) filter mechanism first appeared in OpenBSD 3.0.
BSD November 20, 2002 BSD